Prática de Shadowing: Game Theory Scene | 21(2008) | Now Playing - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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60 frases
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1
All right.
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Now, who can explain Newton's method and how you use it?
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Uh, you can use it to solve nonlinear equations.
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That's impressive.
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That's really good.
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I mean, I'm very impressed by that, especially since my class is called Non-Linear Equations.
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All right, now somebody tell me something I don't already know.
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Anyone?
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Bueller, anyone?
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Bueller?
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Newton stole it.
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I'm sorry?
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Newton stole it.
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Joseph Rafson published the same method 50 years earlier.
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If the start value is too far removed from true zero, then it fails.
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I'm sorry, what's your name?
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Ben.
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Ben Campbell.
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Ben.
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So Ben Campbell suggests that Joseph Rafson was the original author of this method.
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Well, if that's the case, then why didn't he get any credit?
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Well, for one thing, Newton had a better publicist.
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And for another, after 1700, we know very little about Rafson other than the fact that he discovered the Kabbalah about 300 years before Madonna.
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All right, now, let's give Ben a chance for some extra credit, shall we?
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We're gonna call this, um, the game show host problem, all right?
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Ben, suppose you're on a game show, and you are given a chance to choose from three different doors, all right?
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Now, behind one of the doors is a new car.
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Behind the other two, goats.
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Which door would you choose, Ben?
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How would you choose, Ben?
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Uh, door number one.
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Door number one.
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Ben chooses door number one.
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All right, now, the game show host, who, by the way, knows what's behind all the other doors, decides to open another door.
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Let's say he chooses door number three, behind which sits a goat.
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Now, Ben, game show host comes up to you and says, Ben, do you want to stay with door number one or go with door number two?
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Now, is it in your interest to switch your choice?
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Yeah.
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Well, wait.
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Remember, the host knows where the car is.
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So, how do you know he's not playing a trick on you, trying to use reverse psychology to get you to pick a goat?
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Well, I wouldn't really care.
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I mean, my answer's based on statistics, based on variable change.
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Variable change?
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He just asked you a simple question.
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Yeah, but it just changed everything.
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Enlighten us.
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Well, when I was originally asked to choose a door, I had a 33.3% chance of choosing right.
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But after he opens one of the doors and then re-offers me the choice, it's now 66.7% if I choose to switch.
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So, yeah, I'll take door number two and thank you for the extra 33.3%.
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Exactly.
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People remember, if you don't know which door to open, always account for variable change.
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Now, see, most people wouldn't take the switch out of paranoia,
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fear, emotions, but Mr. Campbell kept motions aside and let simple math get his ass into a brand new car.
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Which is better than that goat you've been driving around campus.
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All right, everybody.
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That's the end of the day.
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Thank you very much.
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Your graded papers are down here at the end down here
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at the end you can pick them up on your way out
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Este vídeo tem 60 frases e 526 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 3:13. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 164 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. 85% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| goat substantivo | /ɡoʊt/ | bode, cabra |
| variable adjetivo | [ˈvæɹ.i.ə.bl̩] | variável |
| steal verbo | /stiːl/ | roubar, furtar |
| equation substantivo | /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/ | equação |
| trick substantivo | /ˈtɹɪk/ | artimanha, truque |
| impressive adjetivo | /ɪmˈpɹɛsɪv/ | impressionante |
| solve verbo | /sɒlv/ | resolver, solucionar |
| discover verbo | /dɪˈskʌvə/ | descobrir |
| reverse substantivo | /ɹɪˈvɝs/ | contrário |
| psychology substantivo | /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | psicologia |
| emotion substantivo | /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/ | emoção |
| mathematics substantivo | /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/ | matemática |
| impress verbo | /ɪmˈpɹɛs/ | impressionar |
| enlighten verbo | /ɪnˈlaɪtən/ | iluminar |
| paranoia substantivo | /ˌpæɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/ | paranoia |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 13 contrações e formas reduzidas, como I'm, don't, wouldn't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: equation /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, paranoia /ˌpæɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como goat, variable, steal.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.