Shadowing Practice: LE listening B2 A talk about motivation - Learn English Speaking with Video
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This recording is from the British Council.
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So, we think we know how to motivate people, right?
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Offer them a reward, do this and you'll get this.
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Do this faster, earn more money.
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Do this better than everyone else, here's a promotion.
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We offer incentives when we want people to do things.
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We do it at work, at school, even at home with our kids.
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Tidy your room and you can watch TV.
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But when social psychologists test whether incentives work, they get surprising results.
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Sam Glucksberg from Princeton University, America, set people a problem to solve and told them he was going to time them to see how long they took.
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Then he put them in two groups.
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He offered one group a reward for finishing fast,
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$5 for anyone finishing in the top 25% and $20 for the person who finished the fastest of all.
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To the other group, he offered no incentive
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but he told them he was going to use their times to calculate an average time.
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The first group, the ones with the reward, solved the problem faster, you'd think, right?
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Well, no. No, they actually took three and a half minutes longer than the group who just thought they were being timed.
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Incentive didn't work.
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In fact, it made them slower.
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This experiment has been repeated with the same results many times.
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But in business, we still offer bonuses, promotions and rewards to staff.
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That's fine if we want them to do something simple, like chop wood.
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We'll pay you more if you chop the wood faster.
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An incentive works then.
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But if we want someone to do something complex,
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something creative, something where they have to think, rewards don't work.
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They might even have the opposite result and make people perform worse.
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Another study by Dan Ariely showed that the bigger the reward, the worse the subjects performed on a complex task.
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The reward made them focus so hard on the result that they couldn't think creatively anymore.
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And this all matters because more and more simple jobs will become automated.
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We'll be left with creative, problem-solving jobs that computers will never do.
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And we need to find a way to motivate people to do those jobs when we've proved traditional incentives don't work.
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So what does work?
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Giving your workers freedom.
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Freedom to work on the things they want to work on.
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Freedom to choose when, where and how they work.
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Want to work from home three days a week?
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Get up late and work into the night instead?
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Fine, just do the job well and evidence shows people who choose the way they work get results.
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Companies that give employees time during the week to work on things
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that interest them and are not part of their regular job achieve amazing things.
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Some of the big tech companies are good examples of this with ping pong tables and areas to relax in.
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This recording is from the British Council.
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To find more activities to practice your English, visit www.britishcouncil.org forward slash learn English.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau B2 is gebaseerd op de video “LE listening B2 A talk about motivation”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: reward, incentive, result, faster, freedom. Deze video bevat 44 zinnen en 512 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 3:53. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 132 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. 88% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is goed te volgen.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| reward zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ | beloning, prijs |
| incentive zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɪnˈsɛntɪv/ | drijfveer, aansporing |
| solve werkwoord | /sɒlv/ | oplossen |
| promotion zelfstandig naamwoord | /pɹəˈmoʊʃn̩/ | promotie, bevordering |
| chop werkwoord | /t͡ʃɑp/ | hakken |
| motivate werkwoord | /ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/ | motiveren |
| earn werkwoord | /ɝn/ | verdienen |
| bonus zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈbəʊ.nəs/ | bonus, extraatje |
| worker zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈwɝ.kɚ/ | arbeider, arbeidster |
| experiment zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ | experiment, proef |
| relax werkwoord | /ɹɪˈlæks/ | losmaken |
| calculate werkwoord | /ˈkælkjʊleɪt/ | berekenen, uitwerken |
| psychologist zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ | psycholoog, psychologe |
| ping werkwoord | /pɪŋ/ | pingen |
| tidy bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈtaɪ.di/ | net, proper |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Betekenis |
|---|---|
| get up werkwoord | opstaan |
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | being timed · has been repeated · be left |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | has been repeated · we've proved |
| Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of ding | person who finished · people who choose |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 9 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals don't, we'll, couldn't. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, creatively /kɹiˈeɪtɪvli/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: reward /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/, incentive /ɪnˈsɛntɪv/, solve /sɒlv/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: relax /ɹɪˈlæks/, calculate /ˈkælkjʊleɪt/
- /w/ — met ronde lippen: reward /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/, worker /ˈwɝ.kɚ/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als reward, incentive, solve.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.