跟读练习: LE listening B2 A talk about motivation - 通过视频学习英语口语

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This recording is from the British Council.

So, we think we know how to motivate people, right?

Offer them a reward, do this and you'll get this.

Do this faster, earn more money.

Do this better than everyone else, here's a promotion.

We offer incentives when we want people to do things.

We do it at work, at school, even at home with our kids.

Tidy your room and you can watch TV.

But when social psychologists test whether incentives work, they get surprising results.

Sam Glucksberg from Princeton University, America, set people a problem to solve and told them he was going to time them to see how long they took.

Then he put them in two groups.

He offered one group a reward for finishing fast,

$5 for anyone finishing in the top 25% and $20 for the person who finished the fastest of all.

To the other group, he offered no incentive

but he told them he was going to use their times to calculate an average time.

The first group, the ones with the reward, solved the problem faster, you'd think, right?

Well, no. No, they actually took three and a half minutes longer than the group who just thought they were being timed.

Incentive didn't work.

In fact, it made them slower.

This experiment has been repeated with the same results many times.

But in business, we still offer bonuses, promotions and rewards to staff.

That's fine if we want them to do something simple, like chop wood.

We'll pay you more if you chop the wood faster.

An incentive works then.

But if we want someone to do something complex,

something creative, something where they have to think, rewards don't work.

They might even have the opposite result and make people perform worse.

Another study by Dan Ariely showed that the bigger the reward, the worse the subjects performed on a complex task.

The reward made them focus so hard on the result that they couldn't think creatively anymore.

And this all matters because more and more simple jobs will become automated.

We'll be left with creative, problem-solving jobs that computers will never do.

And we need to find a way to motivate people to do those jobs when we've proved traditional incentives don't work.

So what does work?

Giving your workers freedom.

Freedom to work on the things they want to work on.

Freedom to choose when, where and how they work.

Want to work from home three days a week?

Get up late and work into the night instead?

Fine, just do the job well and evidence shows people who choose the way they work get results.

Companies that give employees time during the week to work on things

that interest them and are not part of their regular job achieve amazing things.

Some of the big tech companies are good examples of this with ping pong tables and areas to relax in.

This recording is from the British Council.

To find more activities to practice your English, visit www.britishcouncil.org forward slash learn English.

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节 B2 级别的口语课以视频“LE listening B2 A talk about motivation”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：reward, incentive, result, faster, freedom。这段视频共有 44 个句子、512 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 3:53。说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 132 个词，很适合跟读。 88% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇容易理解。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
reward 名词	/ɹɪˈwɔɹd/	報酬 /报酬, 獎勵 /奖励
incentive 名词	/ɪnˈsɛntɪv/	刺激, 誘因 /诱因
solve 动词	/sɒlv/	解決 /解决
promotion 名词	/pɹəˈmoʊʃn̩/	提升, 升官
chop 动词	/t͡ʃɑp/	砍, 砍斷 /砍断
motivate 动词	/ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/	激发
earn 动词	/ɝn/	掙 /挣, 賺 /赚
bonus 名词	/ˈbəʊ.nəs/	額外收獲 /额外收获
worker 名词	/ˈwɝ.kɚ/	工人, 工作者
experiment 名词	/ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/	實驗 /实验
relax 动词	/ɹɪˈlæks/	鬆開 /松开, 放鬆 /放松
calculate 动词	/ˈkælkjʊleɪt/	計算 /计算, 算
psychologist 名词	/ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/	心理學家 /心理学家
ping 动词	/pɪŋ/	ping
tidy 形容词	/ˈtaɪ.di/	整齊 /整齐, 整潔 /整洁

视频中出现的短语动词

单词	释义
get up 动词	起床

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	being timed · has been repeated · be left
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事	has been repeated · we've proved
定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物	person who finished · people who choose

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 9 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 don't, we'll, couldn't。请按听到的简短形式来说。

长单词——注意重音位置: experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, creatively /kɹiˈeɪtɪvli/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: incentive /ɪnˈsɛntɪv/, solve /sɒlv/, motivate /ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/, creatively /kɹiˈeɪtɪvli/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: reward /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/, incentive /ɪnˈsɛntɪv/, solve /sɒlv/, chop /t͡ʃɑp/, motivate /ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: relax /ɹɪˈlæks/, creatively /kɹiˈeɪtɪvli/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 reward, incentive, solve 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: LE listening B2 A talk about motivation - 通过视频学习英语口语

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