تدريب Shadowing: LE listening B2 A talk about motivation - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو

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44 جمل
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This recording is from the British Council.
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So, we think we know how to motivate people, right?
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Offer them a reward, do this and you'll get this.
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Do this faster, earn more money.
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Do this better than everyone else, here's a promotion.
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We offer incentives when we want people to do things.
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We do it at work, at school, even at home with our kids.
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Tidy your room and you can watch TV.
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But when social psychologists test whether incentives work, they get surprising results.
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Sam Glucksberg from Princeton University, America, set people a problem to solve and told them he was going to time them to see how long they took.
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Then he put them in two groups.
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He offered one group a reward for finishing fast,
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$5 for anyone finishing in the top 25% and $20 for the person who finished the fastest of all.
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To the other group, he offered no incentive
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but he told them he was going to use their times to calculate an average time.
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The first group, the ones with the reward, solved the problem faster, you'd think, right?
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Well, no. No, they actually took three and a half minutes longer than the group who just thought they were being timed.
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Incentive didn't work.
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In fact, it made them slower.
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This experiment has been repeated with the same results many times.
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But in business, we still offer bonuses, promotions and rewards to staff.
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That's fine if we want them to do something simple, like chop wood.
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We'll pay you more if you chop the wood faster.
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An incentive works then.
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But if we want someone to do something complex,
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something creative, something where they have to think, rewards don't work.
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They might even have the opposite result and make people perform worse.
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Another study by Dan Ariely showed that the bigger the reward, the worse the subjects performed on a complex task.
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The reward made them focus so hard on the result that they couldn't think creatively anymore.
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And this all matters because more and more simple jobs will become automated.
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We'll be left with creative, problem-solving jobs that computers will never do.
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And we need to find a way to motivate people to do those jobs when we've proved traditional incentives don't work.
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So what does work?
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Giving your workers freedom.
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Freedom to work on the things they want to work on.
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Freedom to choose when, where and how they work.
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Want to work from home three days a week?
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Get up late and work into the night instead?
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Fine, just do the job well and evidence shows people who choose the way they work get results.
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Companies that give employees time during the week to work on things
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that interest them and are not part of their regular job achieve amazing things.
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Some of the big tech companies are good examples of this with ping pong tables and areas to relax in.
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This recording is from the British Council.
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To find more activities to practice your English, visit www.britishcouncil.org forward slash learn English.

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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس

هذا الدرس في المحادثة بمستوى B2 مبني على الفيديو “LE listening B2 A talk about motivation”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: reward, incentive, result, faster, freedom. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 44 جملة و512 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 3:53. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة ثابتة، نحو 132 كلمة في الدقيقة، وهي سرعة مريحة للترديد. 88% من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، فالمفردات سهلة المتابعة.

أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو

أصعب 13 كلمة في الفيديو، مع النطق والمعنى:

الكلمةالنطقالمعنى
reward اسم/ɹɪˈwɔɹd/مُكَافَأَة, ثَوَاب
solve فعل/sɒlv/ذَابَ, حَلَّ
promotion اسم/pɹəˈmoʊʃn̩/تَرْقِيَة, تَرْفِيع
motivate فعل/ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/حَثَّ
earn فعل/ɝn/كَسَبَ
bonus اسم/ˈbəʊ.nəs/عِلَاوَة
worker اسم/ˈwɝ.kɚ/عَامِل, عَامِلَة
experiment اسم/ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/تَجْرِبَة, اِخْتِبَار
relax فعل/ɹɪˈlæks/اِسْتَرْخَى
calculate فعل/ˈkælkjʊleɪt/حَسَبَ
psychologist اسم/ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/نَفْسَانِيّ, عَالِم النَّفْس
tidy صفة/ˈtaɪ.di/مُنَظَّم, نَظِيف
automate فعل/ˈɔ.təˌmeɪt/أَتْمَتَ

الأفعال المركبة التي ستسمعها

الكلمةالمعنى
get up فعلقَامَ, نَهَضَ

القواعد في هذا الفيديو

أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:

التركيبفي الفيديو
المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعلهbeing timed · has been repeated · be left
المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآنhas been repeated · we've proved
جمل الوصل who / which + جملة — معلومة إضافية عن شخص أو شيءperson who finished · people who choose

نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه

يستخدم المتحدث 9 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل don't, we'll, couldn't. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.

  • الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, creatively /kɹiˈeɪtɪvli/

أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:

  • /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: promotion /pɹəˈmoʊʃn̩/, chop /t͡ʃɑp/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, ping /pɪŋ/, pung /pʌŋ/
  • /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: incentive /ɪnˈsɛntɪv/, solve /sɒlv/, motivate /ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/, creatively /kɹiˈeɪtɪvli/
  • تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: reward /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/, solve /sɒlv/, promotion /pɹəˈmoʊʃn̩/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, relax /ɹɪˈlæks/

كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو

  1. استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
  2. ردّد جملة جملة بالسرعة العادية، وكرّر كل جملة حتى يتطابق إيقاعك مع المتحدث.
  3. سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل reward, solve, promotion.

ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟

التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.

تقنية الشادوينغ: اقرأ الدليل الكامل خطوة بخطوة →