Prática de Shadowing: LE listening B2 A talk about motivation - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo

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This recording is from the British Council.
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So, we think we know how to motivate people, right?
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Offer them a reward, do this and you'll get this.
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Do this faster, earn more money.
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Do this better than everyone else, here's a promotion.
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We offer incentives when we want people to do things.
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We do it at work, at school, even at home with our kids.
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Tidy your room and you can watch TV.
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But when social psychologists test whether incentives work, they get surprising results.
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Sam Glucksberg from Princeton University, America, set people a problem to solve and told them he was going to time them to see how long they took.
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Then he put them in two groups.
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He offered one group a reward for finishing fast,
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$5 for anyone finishing in the top 25% and $20 for the person who finished the fastest of all.
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To the other group, he offered no incentive
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but he told them he was going to use their times to calculate an average time.
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The first group, the ones with the reward, solved the problem faster, you'd think, right?
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Well, no. No, they actually took three and a half minutes longer than the group who just thought they were being timed.
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Incentive didn't work.
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In fact, it made them slower.
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This experiment has been repeated with the same results many times.
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But in business, we still offer bonuses, promotions and rewards to staff.
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That's fine if we want them to do something simple, like chop wood.
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We'll pay you more if you chop the wood faster.
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An incentive works then.
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But if we want someone to do something complex,
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something creative, something where they have to think, rewards don't work.
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They might even have the opposite result and make people perform worse.
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Another study by Dan Ariely showed that the bigger the reward, the worse the subjects performed on a complex task.
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The reward made them focus so hard on the result that they couldn't think creatively anymore.
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And this all matters because more and more simple jobs will become automated.
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We'll be left with creative, problem-solving jobs that computers will never do.
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And we need to find a way to motivate people to do those jobs when we've proved traditional incentives don't work.
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So what does work?
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Giving your workers freedom.
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Freedom to work on the things they want to work on.
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Freedom to choose when, where and how they work.
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Want to work from home three days a week?
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Get up late and work into the night instead?
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Fine, just do the job well and evidence shows people who choose the way they work get results.
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Companies that give employees time during the week to work on things
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that interest them and are not part of their regular job achieve amazing things.
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Some of the big tech companies are good examples of this with ping pong tables and areas to relax in.
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This recording is from the British Council.
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To find more activities to practice your English, visit www.britishcouncil.org forward slash learn English.

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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição

Esta aula de conversação de nível B2 usa o vídeo “LE listening B2 A talk about motivation”. As palavras que mais se repetem: reward, incentive, result, faster, freedom. Este vídeo tem 44 frases e 512 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 3:53. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 132 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. 88% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é fácil de acompanhar.

Vocabulário principal deste vídeo

As 15 palavras mais avançadas do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:

PalavraPronúnciaSignificado
reward substantivo/ɹɪˈwɔɹd/recompensa
incentive substantivo/ɪnˈsɛntɪv/incentivo, motivação
solve verbo/sɒlv/resolver, solucionar
promotion substantivo/pɹəˈmoʊʃn̩/promoção
chop verbo/t͡ʃɑp/picar, decepar
motivate verbo/ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/motivar
earn verbo/ɝn/receber
bonus substantivo/ˈbəʊ.nəs/bônus, bónus
worker substantivo/ˈwɝ.kɚ/trabalhador
experiment substantivo/ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/experimento, experiência
relax verbo/ɹɪˈlæks/soltar, afrouxar
calculate verbo/ˈkælkjʊleɪt/calcular
psychologist substantivo/ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/psicólogo, psicóloga
tidy adjetivo/ˈtaɪ.di/limpo, ordenado
automate verbo/ˈɔ.təˌmeɪt/automatizar

Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir

PalavraSignificado
get up verbosubir

Gramática neste vídeo

As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:

EstruturaNo vídeo
Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem fazbeing timed · has been repeated · be left
Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agorahas been repeated · we've proved
Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisaperson who finished · people who choose

Pronúncia para ficar de olho

O falante usa 9 contrações e formas reduzidas, como don't, we'll, couldn't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.

  • Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, creatively /kɹiˈeɪtɪvli/

Sons difíceis para falantes de português:

  • Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: reward /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/, chop /t͡ʃɑp/, motivate /ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, calculate /ˈkælkjʊleɪt/

Como praticar com este vídeo

  1. Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
  2. Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
  3. Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como reward, incentive, solve.

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.

Técnica de shadowing: leia o guia completo passo a passo →