Prática de Shadowing: Complete IELTS Band 6.5 - 7.5 - UNIT 6 - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Complete IELTS Bands 6 .5 to 7 .5 by Guy Brookhart
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and Vanessa Jakeman Published by Cambridge University Press 2013 This recording is copyright CD 2 Unit 6 Listening Exercise 3
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Good morning, everyone.
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So, we're looking at animation technology today something we're all very
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familiar with from seeing blockbuster films such as Toy Story
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and Shrek but I'd like to start by looking at how animation began and how the technical side of things developed.
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Not long after the invention of the first camera by Thomas Edison in 1889 a photographer by the name of J.
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Stuart Blackton developed the first technique for animated film.
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It consisted of a series of drawings and he drew a number of funny faces and then filmed one after the other.
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This gave the impression of motion and changing facial expression.
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But it was a very slow process and a long way from being anything like a film.
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Then a Frenchman, Emile Cole, moved things on a bit by using scenes and figures cut out of paper instead.
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This meant things could be done more quickly.
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It was possible to build up a small scene, though a very large number of cutouts were required to do this.
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And of course, it was all still taking place during the era of silent film.
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Eventually, Walt Disney came along.
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He wanted his film characters to look more real and so he found ways to do this.
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It took weeks to produce a single film sequence
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but in 1928 the first talking animated film came out that had been made using hand -painted slides known as cells.
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These were placed one on top of the other and then quickly removed.
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And that first film launched the career of Mickey Mouse, if you remember him.
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Disney then went on to produce the first full -length colour animated film in 1937, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs,
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which earned him the first of his 37 Oscars.
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Animation changed very little over the next 50 years or so, until the advent of computers and the work of a company called Pixar.
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Pixar Animation Studios was a graphics group until Steve Jobs invested $10 million in the company.
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Now it has become a Hollywood icon, with earnings of over $6 .3 billion and numerous film awards.
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In fact, Pixar's films act rather like a timeline of technological developments in computer graphics.
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So, let's have a look at some of them.
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Pixar's debut feature film was Toy Story, and this was the first film to be completely animated by computers.
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When it was released in 1995, many features of the film were seen as outstanding.
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It is still considered to be one of the most significant
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achievements in the history of film animation a later film monsters inc
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which came out in 2001 added a new animation feature
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which was the on -screen representation of animal fur this helped
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to enhance the appeal of one of the film's central characters two years after
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that the award -winning film finding nemo a tale of the lives of some very appealing and visually enchanting fish,
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pioneered new techniques in digital lighting, which were used to create realistic -looking water.
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This was an essential feature of the film.
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Many scenes took place underwater and relied on a certain level of brilliance and clarity throughout.
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Had they got it wrong, the entire effect would have been lost.
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And a film called The Incredibles in 2004 brought with it credible human characters and advances in the simulation of crowds.
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So each of these films introduced new types of physical phenomena,
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and these days 3D animation can recreate most real -world scenarios yet cinema audiences have increasingly high expectations
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so how do companies like Pixar plan to meet the challenges of the future Well,
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firstly, studios still struggle to create digital humans that audiences like.
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Up to now, they've been criticised for looking robotic.
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So the focus for producers now is on simulating more realistic human skin and more detailed facial movement.
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Both developments are bringing close the day when they will be convincing digital actors on screen.
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A second aspect that Pixar hope to improve on is the speed at
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which they can actually produce each frame of animated film.
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Things have moved on, but the time it takes to do this is basically staying the same.
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Faster computers help, but work done by companies involved in the production of video games is also hope to improve things.
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A further challenge is colour.
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Pixar is looking ahead to how it can better use its colour palettes and produce more brilliant images And lastly,
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the company is hoping to build on methods to stylise its
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images in films It seems reality has been the goal for many years
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But now they are also trying to break new ground
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and come up with other concepts The result could be a new breed of animated films
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that don't look real or like anything that has gone before.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
📺 Mesmo canal
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Este vídeo tem 61 frases e 823 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 7:16. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 113 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. 82% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| animation substantivo | /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/ | animação |
| technique substantivo | /tɛkˈniːk/ | técnica |
| realistic adjetivo | /ˌɹɪəˈlɪs.tɪk/ | realístico |
| facial adjetivo | /ˈfeɪ.ʃəl/ | facial |
| earn verbo | /ɝn/ | receber |
| silent adjetivo | /ˈsaɪ̯lənt/ | silencioso |
| producer substantivo | /pɹəˈdjuːsə/ | produtor, produtora |
| aspect substantivo | /ˈæspɛkt/ | aspeto, aspecto |
| increasingly advérbio | cada vez mais | |
| introduce verbo | /ˌɪntɹəˈdus/ | apresentar |
| achievement substantivo | /əˈt͡ʃiːv.mənt/ | realização, conquista |
| impression substantivo | /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/ | impressão |
| sequence substantivo | /ˈsiː.kwəns/ | sequência |
| representation substantivo | /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/ | representação |
| invest verbo | /ɪnˈvɛst/ | investir |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| come out verbo | /ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/ | sair, partir |
| come up with verbo | pensar (em), alcançar |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | could be done · were required · had been made |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | has become · they've been criticised · have moved |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 5 contrações e formas reduzidas, como we're, don't, I'd. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: animation /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/, facial /ˈfeɪ.ʃəl/, impression /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, invention /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: animation /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, photographer /fəˈtɑ.ɡɹə.fɚ/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/, technological /ˌtɛk.nəˈlɑ.dʒɪ.kəl/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como animation, technique, realistic.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.