शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Complete IELTS Band 6.5 - 7.5 - UNIT 6 - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
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61 वाक्य
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Complete IELTS Bands 6 .5 to 7 .5 by Guy Brookhart
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and Vanessa Jakeman Published by Cambridge University Press 2013 This recording is copyright CD 2 Unit 6 Listening Exercise 3
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Good morning, everyone.
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So, we're looking at animation technology today something we're all very
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familiar with from seeing blockbuster films such as Toy Story
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and Shrek but I'd like to start by looking at how animation began and how the technical side of things developed.
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Not long after the invention of the first camera by Thomas Edison in 1889 a photographer by the name of J.
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Stuart Blackton developed the first technique for animated film.
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It consisted of a series of drawings and he drew a number of funny faces and then filmed one after the other.
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This gave the impression of motion and changing facial expression.
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But it was a very slow process and a long way from being anything like a film.
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Then a Frenchman, Emile Cole, moved things on a bit by using scenes and figures cut out of paper instead.
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This meant things could be done more quickly.
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It was possible to build up a small scene, though a very large number of cutouts were required to do this.
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And of course, it was all still taking place during the era of silent film.
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Eventually, Walt Disney came along.
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He wanted his film characters to look more real and so he found ways to do this.
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It took weeks to produce a single film sequence
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but in 1928 the first talking animated film came out that had been made using hand -painted slides known as cells.
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These were placed one on top of the other and then quickly removed.
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And that first film launched the career of Mickey Mouse, if you remember him.
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Disney then went on to produce the first full -length colour animated film in 1937, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs,
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which earned him the first of his 37 Oscars.
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Animation changed very little over the next 50 years or so, until the advent of computers and the work of a company called Pixar.
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Pixar Animation Studios was a graphics group until Steve Jobs invested $10 million in the company.
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Now it has become a Hollywood icon, with earnings of over $6 .3 billion and numerous film awards.
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In fact, Pixar's films act rather like a timeline of technological developments in computer graphics.
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So, let's have a look at some of them.
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Pixar's debut feature film was Toy Story, and this was the first film to be completely animated by computers.
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When it was released in 1995, many features of the film were seen as outstanding.
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It is still considered to be one of the most significant
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achievements in the history of film animation a later film monsters inc
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which came out in 2001 added a new animation feature
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which was the on -screen representation of animal fur this helped
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to enhance the appeal of one of the film's central characters two years after
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that the award -winning film finding nemo a tale of the lives of some very appealing and visually enchanting fish,
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pioneered new techniques in digital lighting, which were used to create realistic -looking water.
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This was an essential feature of the film.
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Many scenes took place underwater and relied on a certain level of brilliance and clarity throughout.
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Had they got it wrong, the entire effect would have been lost.
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And a film called The Incredibles in 2004 brought with it credible human characters and advances in the simulation of crowds.
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So each of these films introduced new types of physical phenomena,
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and these days 3D animation can recreate most real -world scenarios yet cinema audiences have increasingly high expectations
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so how do companies like Pixar plan to meet the challenges of the future Well,
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firstly, studios still struggle to create digital humans that audiences like.
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Up to now, they've been criticised for looking robotic.
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So the focus for producers now is on simulating more realistic human skin and more detailed facial movement.
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Both developments are bringing close the day when they will be convincing digital actors on screen.
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A second aspect that Pixar hope to improve on is the speed at
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which they can actually produce each frame of animated film.
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Things have moved on, but the time it takes to do this is basically staying the same.
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Faster computers help, but work done by companies involved in the production of video games is also hope to improve things.
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A further challenge is colour.
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Pixar is looking ahead to how it can better use its colour palettes and produce more brilliant images And lastly,
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the company is hoping to build on methods to stylise its
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images in films It seems reality has been the goal for many years
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But now they are also trying to break new ground
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and come up with other concepts The result could be a new breed of animated films
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that don't look real or like anything that has gone before.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 61 वाक्य और 823 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 7:16 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 113 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्थिर गति से बोलता है, जो शैडोइंग के लिए आरामदायक है। 82% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| animation संज्ञा | /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/ | एनिमेशन |
| technique संज्ञा | /tɛkˈniːk/ | तकनीक |
| graphics संज्ञा | /ˈɡɹæfɪks/ | चित्रालेख, ग्राफ़िक्स |
| realistic विशेषण | /ˌɹɪəˈlɪs.tɪk/ | वास्तविक |
| earn क्रिया | /ɝn/ | कमाना |
| silent विशेषण | /ˈsaɪ̯lənt/ | चुप, ख़ामोश |
| aspect संज्ञा | /ˈæspɛkt/ | पक्ष |
| introduce क्रिया | /ˌɪntɹəˈdus/ | परिचय |
| achievement संज्ञा | /əˈt͡ʃiːv.mənt/ | उपलब्धि |
| impression संज्ञा | /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/ | प्रभाव, असर |
| representation संज्ञा | /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/ | निरूपण, चित्रण |
| tale संज्ञा | /ˈteɪl/ | कहानी, हिकायत |
| photographer संज्ञा | /fəˈtɑ.ɡɹə.fɚ/ | फ़ोटोग्रफ़र, छायाकार |
| copyright संज्ञा | /ˈkɑpiˌɹaɪt/ | कॉपीराइट, स्वत्वाधिकार |
| scenario संज्ञा | /sɪˈnɛəɹioʊ/ | परिदृश्य |
वीडियो में आने वाली फ़्रेज़ल वर्ब
| शब्द | अर्थ |
|---|---|
| come along क्रिया | साथ चलना, साथ आना |
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | could be done · were required · had been made |
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | has become · they've been criticised · have moved |
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
वक्ता 5 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे we're, don't, I'd। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: animation /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/, facial /ˈfeɪ.ʃəl/, impression /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, invention /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: animation /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, photographer /fəˈtɑ.ɡɹə.fɚ/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/, technological /ˌtɛk.nəˈlɑ.dʒɪ.kəl/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- सामान्य गति पर एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें और हर वाक्य तब तक दोहराएँ जब तक आपकी लय वक्ता से न मिल जाए।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर animation, technique, graphics जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।