シャドーイング練習: Complete IELTS Band 6.5 - 7.5 - UNIT 6 - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
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Complete IELTS Bands 6 .5 to 7 .5 by Guy Brookhart
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and Vanessa Jakeman Published by Cambridge University Press 2013 This recording is copyright CD 2 Unit 6 Listening Exercise 3
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Good morning, everyone.
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So, we're looking at animation technology today something we're all very
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familiar with from seeing blockbuster films such as Toy Story
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and Shrek but I'd like to start by looking at how animation began and how the technical side of things developed.
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Not long after the invention of the first camera by Thomas Edison in 1889 a photographer by the name of J.
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Stuart Blackton developed the first technique for animated film.
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It consisted of a series of drawings and he drew a number of funny faces and then filmed one after the other.
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This gave the impression of motion and changing facial expression.
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But it was a very slow process and a long way from being anything like a film.
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Then a Frenchman, Emile Cole, moved things on a bit by using scenes and figures cut out of paper instead.
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This meant things could be done more quickly.
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It was possible to build up a small scene, though a very large number of cutouts were required to do this.
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And of course, it was all still taking place during the era of silent film.
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Eventually, Walt Disney came along.
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He wanted his film characters to look more real and so he found ways to do this.
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It took weeks to produce a single film sequence
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but in 1928 the first talking animated film came out that had been made using hand -painted slides known as cells.
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These were placed one on top of the other and then quickly removed.
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And that first film launched the career of Mickey Mouse, if you remember him.
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Disney then went on to produce the first full -length colour animated film in 1937, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs,
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which earned him the first of his 37 Oscars.
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Animation changed very little over the next 50 years or so, until the advent of computers and the work of a company called Pixar.
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Pixar Animation Studios was a graphics group until Steve Jobs invested $10 million in the company.
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Now it has become a Hollywood icon, with earnings of over $6 .3 billion and numerous film awards.
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In fact, Pixar's films act rather like a timeline of technological developments in computer graphics.
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So, let's have a look at some of them.
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Pixar's debut feature film was Toy Story, and this was the first film to be completely animated by computers.
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When it was released in 1995, many features of the film were seen as outstanding.
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It is still considered to be one of the most significant
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achievements in the history of film animation a later film monsters inc
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which came out in 2001 added a new animation feature
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which was the on -screen representation of animal fur this helped
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to enhance the appeal of one of the film's central characters two years after
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that the award -winning film finding nemo a tale of the lives of some very appealing and visually enchanting fish,
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pioneered new techniques in digital lighting, which were used to create realistic -looking water.
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This was an essential feature of the film.
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Many scenes took place underwater and relied on a certain level of brilliance and clarity throughout.
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Had they got it wrong, the entire effect would have been lost.
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And a film called The Incredibles in 2004 brought with it credible human characters and advances in the simulation of crowds.
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So each of these films introduced new types of physical phenomena,
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and these days 3D animation can recreate most real -world scenarios yet cinema audiences have increasingly high expectations
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so how do companies like Pixar plan to meet the challenges of the future Well,
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firstly, studios still struggle to create digital humans that audiences like.
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Up to now, they've been criticised for looking robotic.
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So the focus for producers now is on simulating more realistic human skin and more detailed facial movement.
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Both developments are bringing close the day when they will be convincing digital actors on screen.
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A second aspect that Pixar hope to improve on is the speed at
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which they can actually produce each frame of animated film.
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Things have moved on, but the time it takes to do this is basically staying the same.
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Faster computers help, but work done by companies involved in the production of video games is also hope to improve things.
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A further challenge is colour.
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Pixar is looking ahead to how it can better use its colour palettes and produce more brilliant images And lastly,
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the company is hoping to build on methods to stylise its
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images in films It seems reality has been the goal for many years
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But now they are also trying to break new ground
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and come up with other concepts The result could be a new breed of animated films
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that don't look real or like anything that has gone before.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が61文、単語が823語あります。 音声の長さは7:16です。 話す速さは1分あたり約113語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 単語の82%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| animation 名詞 | /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/ | アニメーション, アニメ |
| technique 名詞 | /tɛkˈniːk/ | 技術 |
| graphics 名詞 | /ˈɡɹæfɪks/ | グラフィック |
| realistic 形容詞 | /ˌɹɪəˈlɪs.tɪk/ | 現実的 |
| earn 動詞 | /ɝn/ | 稼ぐ, 得る |
| silent 形容詞 | /ˈsaɪ̯lənt/ | 静かな, 無音の |
| producer 名詞 | /pɹəˈdjuːsə/ | 生産者, 製作者 |
| aspect 名詞 | /ˈæspɛkt/ | 様相 |
| introduce 動詞 | /ˌɪntɹəˈdus/ | 紹介する, 引き合わせる |
| achievement 名詞 | /əˈt͡ʃiːv.mənt/ | 達成, 到達 |
| impression 名詞 | /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/ | 印象 |
| sequence 名詞 | /ˈsiː.kwəns/ | 順序 |
| invest 動詞 | /ɪnˈvɛst/ | 投入する |
| slide 名詞 | /ˈslaɪ̯d/ | 滑り台 |
| rely 動詞 | /ɹɪˈlaɪ/ | 頼る, あてにする |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| come out 動詞 | /ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/ | 出る |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | could be done · were required · had been made |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | has become · they've been criticised · have moved |
注意したい発音
話し手はwe're, don't, I'dなど、短縮形や弱形を5回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: animation /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/, facial /ˈfeɪ.ʃəl/, impression /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, invention /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: animation /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, photographer /fəˈtɑ.ɡɹə.fɚ/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/, technological /ˌtɛk.nəˈlɑ.dʒɪ.kəl/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。animation, technique, graphicsなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。