シャドーイング練習: Complete IELTS Band 5-6.5 - UNIT 4 - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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Complete IELTS, Bands 5 to 6.5, by Guy Brookhart and Vanessa Jakeman,

published by Cambridge University Press.

This recording is copyright.

Track 15, Unit 4, Listening, Exercise 3.

Today I'm going to be talking about amateur journalism.

In other words, journalism practised by ordinary people, not professional journalists.

For people like you, who want to get some real writing experience, this can be a good way to get started.

And later I'll be offering you some practical tips to help you.

Amateur journalists are providing more and more news.

I think the main cause of this change has been the internet.

Nowadays, anyone close to an important event can write a report and email it to a newspaper.

Or they can take a photo with a digital camera, or use their mobile phone to make a video film of what's happening.

Also, amateur journalism isn't just for people who are in the right place at the right time.

People can now write reports and articles about things which a big organisation might not be interested in,

and post their ideas on their website or blog.

This means that all sorts of people can express their views.

Also, in the past, if you wanted to make your opinions known, one of the few ways of doing this was to send a letter to a newspaper.

But normally, newspapers only print a few of the thousands of letters they receive each day.

Now, people can write about the things which are really important to them and the people around them, and they put it in a blog.

As a result, amateur journalists often write about something which is a local issue.

And by local issue, I mean something happening in the school in their area or the traffic in their town,

but not something necessarily of national or international interest.

Amateur journalism is a growing phenomenon.

There are now major online newspapers.

Oh My News in South Korea, for example, has a large number of readers,

and for this reason they can attract advertising and get income from this.

And as a result, it's become a profitable business.

Track 16 Unit 4 Listening, Exercise 5 But how can you get involved?

How can you begin to write articles which will be published on sites like these?

Well, first you must have something interesting to say, something you want to communicate with readers.

Assuming you have this, it's important in an article to attract people's attention and gain their interest,

so put the main facts first, answering these questions – who,

why, when, how and where.

Get those basic facts down to start with and get people interested.

Then fill in the details in the rest of the article.

The best model is really shaped like a pyramid.

You put the most important facts at the top of the article and lots of smaller details down below.

Remember, you want people to keep reading, so you need to hold your readers' interest.

A really good technique for doing that is to put in quotations from people who are part of the story, what they really said.

You know the sort of thing.

Tanya, mother of two, said, it all happened so quickly that we didn't have time to react.

bring the article alive.

Once you've written your article, go over it again to make sure that any figures you quote are correct.

Make sure that Tanya really has two children and not one or three.

Then, after that, once you've got your ideas down,

rewrite your article, making sure that your paragraphs don't contain more than three sentences.

People like them to be brief and to the point, and this will help to hold their attention.

And another thing to bear in mind, if they're reading online, people will soon stop reading your piece and start reading something else.

So keep the whole article brief.

Don't put in a conclusion.

Just let your article end without it.

Another good piece of advice is to remember that old cliché which we've all heard, that a picture is worth a thousand words.

It's true, so if you can, include a picture.

It'll attract more attention and illustrate what you've been saying.

Finally, you need to write a headline.

Something eye-catching which will get people to just skim the article to start with, and then, if it's well written,

they'll read it more carefully afterwards.

Thank you.

Today, I'm going to be talking about amateur journalism.

In other words, journalism practised by ordinary people, not professional journalists.

For people like you who want to get some real writing experience, this can be a good way to get started,

and later I'll be offering you some practical tips to help you.

Amateur journalists are providing more and more news.

I think the main cause of this change has been the internet.

Nowadays, anyone close to an important event can write a report and email it to a newspaper.

Or they can take a photo with a digital camera, or use their mobile phone to make a video film of what's happening.

Also, amateur journalism isn't just for people who are in the right place at the right time.

People can now write reports and articles about things which a big organisation might not be interested in,

and post their ideas on their website or blog.

This means that all sorts of people can express their views.

Also, in the past, if you wanted to make your opinions known, one of the few ways of doing this was to send a letter to a newspaper.

But normally newspapers only print a few of the thousands of letters they receive each day.

Now people can write about the things which are really important to them and the people around them, and they put it in a blog.

As a result, amateur journalists often write about something which is a local issue.

And by local issue, I mean something happening in the school in their area, or the traffic in their town,

but not something necessarily of national or international interest.

Amateur journalism is a growing phenomenon.

There are now major online newspapers.

Oh My News in South Korea, for example, has a large number of readers,

and for this reason they can attract advertising and get income from this,

and as a result it's become a profitable business.

Track 16 Unit 4 Listening, Exercise 5 But how can you get involved?

How can you begin to write articles which will be published on sites like these?

Well, first you must have something interesting to say, something you want to communicate with readers.

Assuming you have this, it's important in an article to attract people's attention and gain their interest.

So put the main facts first, answering these questions.

Who, why, when, how and where.

Get those basic facts down to start with and get people interested.

Then fill in the details in the rest of the article.

The best model is really shaped like a pyramid.

You put the most important facts at the top of the article and lots of smaller details down below.

Remember, you want people to keep reading, so you need to hold your readers' interest.

A really good technique for doing that is to put in quotations from people who are part of the story.

What they really said.

You know the sort of thing.

Tanya, mother of two, said, It all happened so quickly that we didn't have time to react.

Quotations bring the article alive.

Once you've written your article, go over it again to make sure that any figures you quote are correct.

Make sure that Tanya really has two children and not one or three.

100

Then, after that, once you've got your ideas down,

101

rewrite your article, making sure that your paragraphs don't contain more than three sentences.

102

People like them to be brief and to the point, and this will help to hold their attention.

103

And another thing to bear in mind, if they're reading online, people will soon stop reading your piece and start reading something else,

104

so keep the whole article brief.

105

Don't put in a conclusion.

106

Just let your article end without it.

107

Another good piece of advice is to remember that old cliché which we've all heard, that a picture is worth a thousand words.

108

It's true, so if you can, include a picture.

109

It'll attract more attention and illustrate what you've been saying.

110

Finally, you need to write a headline.

111

Something eye-catching which will get people to just skim the article to start with, and Then, if it's well written,

112

they'll read it more carefully afterwards.

113

Thank you.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が113文、単語が1444語あります。音声の長さは12:59です。話す速さは1分あたり約111語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。単語の88%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれるため、語彙は分かりやすいです。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくるやや難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

amateur /ˈæ.mə.t͡ʃɚ/ (名詞) — アマチュア, アマ. A person attached to a particular pursuit, study, science, or art (such as music or painting), especially one who cultivates any study, interest, taste, or…
journalism /ˈd͡ʒɝnl̩ˌɪzəm/ (名詞) — ジャーナリズム. The aggregating, writing, editing, and presenting of news or news articles for widespread distribution, typically in electronic publications, broadcast news…
journalist /ˈd͡ʒɝnəlɪst/ (名詞) — 記者, ジャーナリスト. The keeper of a personal journal, who writes in it regularly.
reader /ˈɹi.dɚ/ (名詞) — 読者, リーダー. A person who reads.
attract /əˈtɹækt/ (動詞) — 引きつける. To pull toward without touching.
quotation /kwoʊˈteɪʃn̩/ (名詞) — 見積もり. A fragment of a human expression that is repeated by somebody else, for example from literature or a famous speech.
practical /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.kəl/ (形容詞) — 実践的な. Relating to, or based on, practice or action rather than theory or hypothesis.
technique /tɛkˈniːk/ (名詞) — 技術. The practical aspects of a given art, occupation etc.; formal requirements.
carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ (副詞) — じっくり, 慎重に. With care; attentively, circumspectly.
afterwards /ˈæf.tɚ.wɚdz/ (副詞) — その後, それから. At a later or succeeding time; after that;
ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/ (形容詞) — 通常な, 普通な. Having regular jurisdiction; now only used in certain phrases.
conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/ (名詞) — 終わり, 結び. The end, finish, close or last part of something.
communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ (動詞) — 伝える. To impart or transmit (information or knowledge) to someone; to make known, to tell.
phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/ (名詞) — 現象. A thing or being, event or process, perceptible through senses; or a fact or occurrence thereof.
nowadays /ˈnaʊ.ə.deɪz/ (副詞) — 現在, 現代では. At the present time; in the current era.

動画に出てくる句動詞

put in (動詞) — 入れる. To place inside.

注意したい発音

話し手はyou've, don't, didn'tなど、短縮形や弱形を26回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「sh」と「zh」の音: quotation /kwoʊˈteɪʃn̩/, conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。amateur, journalism, journalistなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
現在完了進行形 have/has been + -ing — 以前に始まり今も続いている動作	you've been saying
条件文 if + 節, will/would + 動詞 — 条件とその結果	if they're reading online, people will soon
関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える	people who are · things which are · something which is
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	has been · you've written

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる句動詞

注意したい発音

この動画での練習方法

この動画の文法

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由