Pratica di Shadowing: Complete IELTS Band 6.5 - 7.5 - UNIT 6 - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
Creazione lezione...
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Complete IELTS Bands 6 .5 to 7 .5 by Guy Brookhart
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and Vanessa Jakeman Published by Cambridge University Press 2013 This recording is copyright CD 2 Unit 6 Listening Exercise 3
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Good morning, everyone.
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So, we're looking at animation technology today something we're all very
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familiar with from seeing blockbuster films such as Toy Story
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and Shrek but I'd like to start by looking at how animation began and how the technical side of things developed.
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Not long after the invention of the first camera by Thomas Edison in 1889 a photographer by the name of J.
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Stuart Blackton developed the first technique for animated film.
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It consisted of a series of drawings and he drew a number of funny faces and then filmed one after the other.
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This gave the impression of motion and changing facial expression.
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But it was a very slow process and a long way from being anything like a film.
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Then a Frenchman, Emile Cole, moved things on a bit by using scenes and figures cut out of paper instead.
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This meant things could be done more quickly.
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It was possible to build up a small scene, though a very large number of cutouts were required to do this.
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And of course, it was all still taking place during the era of silent film.
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Eventually, Walt Disney came along.
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He wanted his film characters to look more real and so he found ways to do this.
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It took weeks to produce a single film sequence
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but in 1928 the first talking animated film came out that had been made using hand -painted slides known as cells.
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These were placed one on top of the other and then quickly removed.
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And that first film launched the career of Mickey Mouse, if you remember him.
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Disney then went on to produce the first full -length colour animated film in 1937, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs,
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which earned him the first of his 37 Oscars.
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Animation changed very little over the next 50 years or so, until the advent of computers and the work of a company called Pixar.
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Pixar Animation Studios was a graphics group until Steve Jobs invested $10 million in the company.
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Now it has become a Hollywood icon, with earnings of over $6 .3 billion and numerous film awards.
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In fact, Pixar's films act rather like a timeline of technological developments in computer graphics.
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So, let's have a look at some of them.
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Pixar's debut feature film was Toy Story, and this was the first film to be completely animated by computers.
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When it was released in 1995, many features of the film were seen as outstanding.
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It is still considered to be one of the most significant
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achievements in the history of film animation a later film monsters inc
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which came out in 2001 added a new animation feature
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which was the on -screen representation of animal fur this helped
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to enhance the appeal of one of the film's central characters two years after
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that the award -winning film finding nemo a tale of the lives of some very appealing and visually enchanting fish,
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pioneered new techniques in digital lighting, which were used to create realistic -looking water.
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This was an essential feature of the film.
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Many scenes took place underwater and relied on a certain level of brilliance and clarity throughout.
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Had they got it wrong, the entire effect would have been lost.
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And a film called The Incredibles in 2004 brought with it credible human characters and advances in the simulation of crowds.
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So each of these films introduced new types of physical phenomena,
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and these days 3D animation can recreate most real -world scenarios yet cinema audiences have increasingly high expectations
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so how do companies like Pixar plan to meet the challenges of the future Well,
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firstly, studios still struggle to create digital humans that audiences like.
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Up to now, they've been criticised for looking robotic.
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So the focus for producers now is on simulating more realistic human skin and more detailed facial movement.
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Both developments are bringing close the day when they will be convincing digital actors on screen.
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A second aspect that Pixar hope to improve on is the speed at
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which they can actually produce each frame of animated film.
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Things have moved on, but the time it takes to do this is basically staying the same.
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Faster computers help, but work done by companies involved in the production of video games is also hope to improve things.
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A further challenge is colour.
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Pixar is looking ahead to how it can better use its colour palettes and produce more brilliant images And lastly,
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the company is hoping to build on methods to stylise its
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images in films It seems reality has been the goal for many years
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But now they are also trying to break new ground
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and come up with other concepts The result could be a new breed of animated films
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that don't look real or like anything that has gone before.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questo video contiene 61 frasi e 823 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 7:16. Chi parla mantiene un ritmo costante di circa 113 parole al minuto, comodo per lo shadowing. Il 82% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese; conviene studiare le altre prima di iniziare.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| animation sostantivo | /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/ | ravvivamento, animazione |
| technique sostantivo | /tɛkˈniːk/ | tecnica |
| graphics sostantivo | /ˈɡɹæfɪks/ | grafica |
| realistic aggettivo | /ˌɹɪəˈlɪs.tɪk/ | realistico |
| facial aggettivo | /ˈfeɪ.ʃəl/ | facciale |
| earn verbo | /ɝn/ | guadagnare |
| silent aggettivo | /ˈsaɪ̯lənt/ | silenzioso |
| producer sostantivo | /pɹəˈdjuːsə/ | produttore |
| aspect sostantivo | /ˈæspɛkt/ | aspetto |
| increasingly avverbio | sempre più, man a mano | |
| introduce verbo | /ˌɪntɹəˈdus/ | presentare |
| achievement sostantivo | /əˈt͡ʃiːv.mənt/ | realizzazione, prestazione |
| impression sostantivo | /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/ | depressione, impronta |
| sequence sostantivo | /ˈsiː.kwəns/ | sequenza |
| representation sostantivo | /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/ | rappresentazione |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Significato |
|---|---|
| build up verbo | accumulare |
| come up with verbo | ideare, escogitare |
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | could be done · were required · had been made |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | has become · they've been criticised · have moved |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 5 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come we're, don't, I'd. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: animation /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/, facial /ˈfeɪ.ʃəl/, impression /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, invention /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: animation /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, photographer /fəˈtɑ.ɡɹə.fɚ/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/, technological /ˌtɛk.nəˈlɑ.dʒɪ.kəl/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Fai shadowing frase per frase a velocità normale, ripetendo ognuna finché il tuo ritmo coincide con quello di chi parla.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come animation, technique, graphics.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.