Terceira condicional

A terceira condicional: if + had + particípio passado (past perfect), would have + particípio passado. Usamos para imaginar o passado acontecendo de outro jeito — tanto a condição quanto o resultado são irreais, porque tudo já aconteceu.

Formas curtas: If I'd known (had), I'd have come (would), I would've come. Na fala rápida, would have soa quase como “would-ə”.

💡O 'd na oração com if é had (If I'd known); no resultado é would (I'd have gone). E como would've soa como “would of”, muita gente escreve errado — escreva sempre would have.

1. Imaginar um passado diferente — o que aconteceu de verdade foi o contrário

• If I had left earlier, I wouldn't have missed the train.

  Se eu tivesse saído mais cedo, não teria perdido o trem. (saí tarde e perdi o trem)

• If Lan hadn't helped me, I would have failed the course.

  Se a Lan não tivesse me ajudado, eu teria sido reprovado no curso. (mas a Lan me ajudou)

2. Arrependimento ou culpa por algo do passado

• If you'd told me it was your birthday, I'd have bought you a cake.

  Se você tivesse me dito que era seu aniversário, eu teria comprado um bolo para você.

• We would have won if we hadn't made so many mistakes.

  Nós teríamos ganhado se não tivéssemos cometido tantos erros.

3. Alívio porque algo ruim não aconteceu

• If the neighbours hadn't smelled the smoke, the whole house would have burned down.

  Se os vizinhos não tivessem sentido o cheiro da fumaça, a casa inteira teria pegado fogo.

• If you hadn't reminded me, I would have forgotten my passport.

  Se você não tivesse me lembrado, eu teria esquecido o passaporte.

No resultado, você pode usar could have + V3 (= would have been able to) ou might have + V3 (= would perhaps have) no lugar de would.

• If we'd booked earlier, we could have sat together.

  Se tivéssemos reservado antes, poderíamos ter sentado juntos. (could have = would have been able to)

• If she had applied, she might have won the scholarship.

  Se ela tivesse se candidatado, talvez tivesse ganhado a bolsa de estudos. (might have = would perhaps have)

Descubra o tempo de cada oração. Uma oração sobre o passado → had V3 / would have V3; uma oração sobre o agora → passado simples / would + verbo. Quando as duas orações falam de tempos diferentes, você tem uma condicional mista.

• If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now.

  Se eu tivesse estudado medicina, hoje seria médico. (passado → presente)

• If we hadn't moved to Da Nang, we wouldn't know each other.

  Se não tivéssemos nos mudado para Da Nang, não nos conheceríamos. (passado → presente)

• If he were more organised, he wouldn't have forgotten the meeting.

  Se ele fosse mais organizado, não teria esquecido a reunião. (presente → passado)

• If I didn't have to work tomorrow, I would have stayed at the party longer.

  Se eu não tivesse que trabalhar amanhã, teria ficado mais tempo na festa. (presente → passado)

💡A mista 1 muitas vezes tem now, today, still no resultado. Se você vê “now” e a oração com if tem had V3, o resultado usa would + verbo, e não would have.

No inglês formal, você pode tirar o if e colocar had antes do sujeito: Had I known = If I had known. A negativa é Had … not + V3 (sem contrair para Hadn't I…). Veja a lição “Inversão”.

• Had we known the road was closed, we would have gone another way.

  Se soubéssemos que a estrada estava fechada, teríamos ido por outro caminho.

• Had she not called, I would have waited all night.

  Se ela não tivesse ligado, eu teria esperado a noite toda. (não: Hadn't she called)

• ✗If I would have known, I would have come.

  ✓If I had known, I would have come.

  A oração com if usa had + V3. “If I would have…” aparece na fala informal, mas não é o padrão.

• ✗If I knew you were in hospital, I would have visited you.

  ✓If I had known you were in hospital, I would have visited you.

  A frase fala do passado → had known.

• ✗We were late. If we had taken a taxi, we would arrive on time.

  ✓We were late. If we had taken a taxi, we would have arrived on time.

  O resultado também está no passado → would have + V3.

• ✗If she had took the medicine, she would have felt better.

  ✓If she had taken the medicine, she would have felt better.

  had + particípio passado (taken), e não o passado simples.

• ✗If she had asked me, I would of helped her.

  ✓If she had asked me, I would have helped her.

  would've soa como “would of”, mas é sempre have.

• ✗If it had not rained, we would have play tennis.

  ✓If it had not rained, we would have played tennis.

  would have + particípio passado.