ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Ancient Chinese Wisdom to Calm Your Modern Mind
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The End Once we stop learning in order to pass exams or to impress daunting people, we are ready for the best kind of education.
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The kind that's done for our own sakes, to strengthen us for the difficulties of our lives,
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to make us feel less sad and less alone.
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And it's here that we stand to derive much benefit from classical Chinese culture,
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in particular its painting, poetry, ceramics and philosophy.
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Despite the barriers of time and language, we are liable to discover many friends and familiar emotions that can illuminate neglected,
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important corners of our own deep selves.
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are five big ideas that the classical Chinese kept stressing for their benefit and now may serve our own.
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Firstly, how very small we are.
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The great Chinese artists never allowed themselves to forget
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that we are infinitesimal beings in a vast and mysterious universe and that this frightening thought,
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well handled, is in fact the route to salvation.
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They constantly show us vast landscapes against which humans barely make a mark.
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We have to search for them amidst gigantic mountains, rivers, boulders and forests.
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We loom so large in our own imaginations day to day.
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But under the wise tutelage of the Chinese masters, we are returned to more appropriate and more manageable dimensions.
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We relearn how little we matter.
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We can gain relief from seeing just how puny our ego-driven plans are in a world that's so much older,
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more majestic and more incomprehensible than we ordinarily recall while under the spell of our illusory ambitions.
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What does it matter who is famous and who obscure, who celebrated and who disgraced,
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when we are as earthworms or twigs next to the mighty southern mountains whose peaks are constantly shrouded in fast-flowing mists.
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Can we continue to care about personal achievement when nature is
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so resolutely indifferent to everything that we are and attempt to be.
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The artists of classical China were committed to tempering our distressing egoism and vanity by contemplating us from a new, fairer perspective.
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Secondly, sadness.
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A redeeming air of melancholy suffuses classical Chinese culture.
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Here, unlike Back in our own era and societies, we no longer have to smile when we would prefer to cry or be mute.
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The Chinese did not aggressively repudiate their own grief.
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They understood, from a Buddhist and Taoist perspective, that the ingredients of life are inherently rather than accidentally pretty serious.
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The gap between our aspirations and reality will always be vast.
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We will love those who cannot love us back, our friends and lovers will die, our own bodies are fast decaying.
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Far from making us sad, the sadness of the Chinese sages helps us to feel less alone and less persecuted with our own range of sorrows.
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We have not been handed some especially cruel fate.
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This is the way existence is, in and of its essence, when we are ready to throw off sentimental illusions.
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Here is the poet Wang Wei, reflecting on the passage of time.
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The poem is called Lamenting White Hairs.
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Once a child's face, now an old man's, White hairs soon replace the infant's down.
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How much can hurt the heart in one life span?
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The favourite seasons for the Chinese sages were autumn and winter, time when nature reminds us all of our adherence to nature's life cycles.
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Here is Su Shi drawing appropriately melancholy thoughts from this.
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The sunset clouds are gathered far away.
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It's clear and cold.
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The Milky Way is silent.
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I turn to the jade plate.
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The goodness of this life and of this night will not last for long.
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Next year, where will I watch the bright moon?
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Death is a constant in Chinese culture and it rips at all our plans for tenderness and love.
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giving way to sadness for an old friend.
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We followed you back for your burial on Mount Shiloh, and then through the greens of oaks and pines we rode away home.
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Your bones are there under the white clouds until the end of time, and there is only the stream that flows down to the world of men.
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Thirdly, open-heartedness.
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There is something immensely touching in how emotionally vulnerable the great figures of Chinese culture allowed themselves to be.
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We might imagine older societies to wear a stiff military upper lip.
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Surely back then they didn't cry over small things.
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They were not as soft-hearted as we know we are deep down.
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But far from it.
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The Chinese knew how to speak with near childlike honesty of what made them cry.
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And it was much the same as what makes us cry cry.
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Here is Wang Wei in the 8th century AD writing with acute,
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entirely modern, clear-eyed sensitivity about his emotions on watching a young man leaving his family to study in a faraway city.
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Green, green the willowed road, the road where they're separating, a loved son off for far provinces, old parents left at home.
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He must go or they couldn't live, but his going revives their grief.
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Tears dried, he must catch up with his companions.
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At last the carriage passes out of sight, but still at times there's the dust thrown up from the road.
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I too, long ago, said goodbye to my family, and when I see this, my handkerchief is wet with tears.
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Fourthly, we can cope with simple things.
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The classical Chinese lived in a highly unpredictable world.
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In the capital, the emperor in his court could be the route to vast riches and status.
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But politics and business were especially treacherous, and reversals of fortune were common.
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In order to calm themselves, the classical Chinese artists emphasised the satisfactions that were already available on a modest salary.
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Not in order to negate every kind of achievement,
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but in order to quieten their worries and comfort themselves with the idea that even in infamy and exile,
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there would still be much left to appreciate.
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There was a long tradition of people who'd fallen out of favour in important circles, leaving town and going to settle in remote provinces.
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This wasn't depicted as a punishment, pure and simple.
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In many ways, it could be a liberation.
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Artists depicted materially bare lives, unfolding in unshowy, uncostly small huts set within the majesty of nature.
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Chinese culture chose to celebrate simple elements like birds, rabbits, bamboo forests, flowers and the sight of the moon.
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No lesser figure than the 12th century emperor Huizong gained relief from painting vast numbers of finches in his palace garden.
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In order to make the most of their simple pleasures, Chinese artists invented particular rituals, for example, moon gazing, whereby one would sit,
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perhaps with a friend, and contemplate the moon for hours at a time on a veranda of one's house.
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And one might, in a similar manner, contemplate the ebb and flow of the tides.
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Fifthly, a cult of calm and simplicity.
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The Chinese had an extremely turbulent history.
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Civil wars regularly broke out.
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Invaders came from the north and west.
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In the midst of turmoil, they, like we, longed for calm.
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They wanted emptiness, purity, rest, everything their own lives had too little of.
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And one of the places they went to look for calm was in an arena
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that can powerfully move us to this day – pottery.
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The ceramicists of classical china could, when the occasion demanded it, create noisy, highly decorated pieces full of dragons and phoenixes.
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But what they really loved, and what we in turn loved them for, are those occasions when they created exquisitely pure,
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empty pieces of pottery in which we can bathe in expanses of milky green
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or bluey silver or playful yellow and attenuate some of our sorrows, confusion and anxiety.
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To our surprise, perhaps, We suffer today much as the Chinese suffered in their classical era.
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And we can look to their ingenuity and kindness to still our anxieties and appease our sense of loss and regret.
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We should study them not for knowledge's sake but with the highest ambition as a form of therapy.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดระดับ B2 นี้ใช้วิดีโอ “Ancient Chinese Wisdom to Calm Your Modern Mind” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: Chinese, classical, vast, cry, artists วิดีโอนี้มี 97 ประโยค และ 1354 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 9:23 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วสม่ำเสมอ ประมาณ 144 คำต่อนาที เหมาะกับการฝึกพูดตาม มีเพียง 77% ของคำที่อยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงค่อนข้างยาก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ยากที่สุด 15 คำในวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| sadness คำนาม | /ˈsædnəs/ | ความเศร้า, ความทุกข์ |
| amidst | /aˈmɪdst/ | ท่ามกลาง |
| pottery คำนาม | /ˈpɑtəɹi/ | เครื่องปั้นดินเผา |
| sorrow คำนาม | /ˈsɑɹoʊ/ | ความทุกข์, ความเศร้า |
| grief คำนาม | /ɡɹiːf/ | ความเศร้า |
| emotion คำนาม | /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/ | อารมณ์ |
| aspiration คำนาม | /ˌæspəˈɹeɪʃən/ | ความปรารถนา, ปณิธาน |
| earthworm คำนาม | /ˈɜː(ɹ)θˌwɜː(ɹ)m/ | ไส้เดือน, รากดิน |
| egoism คำนาม | /ˈi.ɡoʊˌɪ.zəm/ | อัตนิยม, อัตตานิยม |
| handkerchief คำนาม | /ˈhæŋkəːt͡ʃɪf/ | ผ้าเช็ดหน้า |
| invader คำนาม | /ɪnˈveɪ.də(ɹ)/ | ผู้รุกราน |
| persecute คำกริยา | /ˈpɝsəkjut/ | ข่มเหง |
| relearn คำกริยา | /ɹiːˈləːn/ | เรียนรู้ |
| invent คำกริยา | /ɪnˈvɛnt/ | คิดค้น |
| gigantic คำคุณศัพท์ | /d͡ʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/ | มหึมา |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|
| break out คำกริยา | แหก |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 5 ครั้ง เช่น couldn't, didn't, they're ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: earthworm /ˈɜː(ɹ)θˌwɜː(ɹ)m/, fourthly /ˈfɔːɹθ.li/, strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: ambition /æmˈbɪʃ.ən/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/, aspiration /ˌæspəˈɹeɪʃən/, liberation /ˌlɪbəˈɹeɪʃən/, illusion /ɪˈl(j)uːʒ(ə)n/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: melancholy /ˈmɛl.ənˌkɑ.li/, aspiration /ˌæspəˈɹeɪʃən/, attenuate /əˈtɛn.juˌeɪt/, egoism /ˈi.ɡoʊˌɪ.zəm/, illuminate /ɪˈl(j)umɪneɪt/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: sadness /ˈsædnəs/, sage /seɪd͡ʒ/, provinces /ˈpɹɔv.ɪns.ɪz/, grief /ɡɹiːf/, adherence /ədˈhɪə.ɹəns/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: provinces /ˈpɹɔv.ɪns.ɪz/, invader /ɪnˈveɪ.də(ɹ)/, derive /dɪˈɹaɪv/, invent /ɪnˈvɛnt/, vanity /ˈvænəti/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: provinces /ˈpɹɔv.ɪns.ɪz/, appease /əˈpiːz/, egoism /ˈi.ɡoʊˌɪ.zəm/, resolutely /ˈɹɛz.əˌlutli/, riches /ɹɪt͡ʃɪz/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- พูดตามทีละประโยคด้วยความเร็วปกติ ทำซ้ำแต่ละประโยคจนจังหวะของคุณตรงกับผู้พูด
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง sadness, amidst, pottery เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ