跟讀練習: Cornel West: How Intellectuals Betrayed the Poor | Big Think - 通過影片學習英語口語
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85 句
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Yeah, I think one was, there was a idolizing of unfettered markets.
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And much, if not most, of the intelligentsia were duped.
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I recall traveling with my dear brother Michael Harrington talking with Brother Stanley Aronowitz years ago,
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and, you know, here we're engaging critiques of unfettered markets, and it looked as if we were medieval thinkers.
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Everybody was saying we're followers of Milton Friedman.
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Everybody was saying Frederick Hayek got it right.
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Everybody was saying marketize, commercialize, commodify.
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And we were still reading Lukács, and Lukács was saying commodification is not simply an asymmetric relation of power,
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of bosses vis -a -vis workers.
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So workers are being more and more marginalized.
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Profits are being produced, wealth is being produced, hemorrhaged at the top.
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No fair distribution of that wealth or profit for workers.
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Poor are being demonized because they are viewed as those persons who are irresponsible, who will not work, who are always looking for welfare,
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i .e., failures in the society of success.
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And we reached the brink and the chickens came home to roost.
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And a few years ago the unfettered markets led us off and over the brink.
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And all of a sudden very few intellectuals want to be honest and acknowledge the degree to which they were duped.
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Don't want to talk about the inequality that went along with it.
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Don't want to talk about the demonization of the poor that went along with it.
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Don't want to talk about the politics of fear
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that produced a republican party that was more
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and more lily white using not just race but also demonizing gay brothers
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and lesbian sisters you see don't want to talk about the indifference toward the poor
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and greed being good and desirable and so forth now it's a very different moment
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and it's not you know just about a pointing fingers but saying somebody's got to take responsibility for this.
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This was a nearly 40 -year run.
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Who paid the cost?
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That's usually the case.
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Poor working people paid the cost, disproportionately black and brown and red.
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So in the age of Obama, we say, okay, can we have a different kind of discussion?
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And that's what we're trying to do.
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But of course, you've got two wars going on.
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You've got still Wall Street in the driver's seat in the Obama administration when it comes to the economic team, you see?
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And you've got very, you know, I think in some ways unimaginative thinking when it comes to foreign policy,
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be it the Middle East or be it European Union or be it Latin America, you know, calling Chavez a dictator, the man's been elected.
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If he's calling in the question of rights and liberties, criticize him as a Democratic president.
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We did the same thing for Bush.
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Bush was calling him the question rights and liberty.
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We didn't call him a dictator.
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We said he's a democratic elected president who's doing the wrong thing.
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Chavez ought to be criticized.
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He's not a dictator.
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The man's been elected.
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But it's that kind of demonizing that obscures and obfuscates the kinds of issues that are necessary because
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Chavez is also talking about poor people.
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Of course, I want libertarian and democratic sides.
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I want rights and liberties and empowerment of poor people.
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But talking about poor people is not a joke it's crucial it's part
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and parcel of the future of any serious democratic project the
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fundamental question of any democracy is what is the relation between public
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and interests and the most vulnerable that's the question
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that is the question the test of your rule of law
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is going to be how are the most vulnerable being treated
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it's not whether the torturers are getting off we know the
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tortures don't have a rule of law applied to them the The wiretappers, they're getting off scot -free.
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What about Jamal with the crack bag?
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Taken to jail for seven years.
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Oh, so you got a different rule of law when it comes to Jamal on the corner versus your
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torturers and your wiretappers?
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Torture is a crime against humanity, it's not just illegal, wiretapping is illegal.
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Now it's not a crime against humanity, because I mean, I'm sure I've had my phone tapped for years.
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I don't think they commit the crime against humanity, they just ought to quit doing it, I think to keep you in mind,
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the demos is always heterogeneous, diverse, got a lot of xenophobic elements among the demos,
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a lot of ignorance, a lot of parochialism, you also have a lot of cosmopolitanism, a lot of globalism, a lot of courage, moral courage.
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So the demos is not one thing.
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But when it comes to the ability of the demos to organize, mobilize, and bring power and pressure to bear.
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we certainly are in a crisis our system is broken we've got 71 of people who want universal health care
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and you can barely get through a reform bill with a
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weak public option it's clear lobbyists from the top pharmaceutical companies
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drug companies have tremendous influence much more than the demos from below you see
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so that that those those preferences don't get translated easily
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because our politicians are beholden to that big money and that big influence
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but i mean the demos are still around thank god you got your own institution
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dialogue dialogue is the lifeblood of a democracy we gotta allow
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ideas to flow you have to expose people to different visions alternative arguments
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and so on to try to keep the torch of the progressive demos alive
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but it's very difficult to to organize it complacency is deep
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apathy is deep uh people are wondering how can you confront you know big finance big
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government tied to big finance when all you got is these little people
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who are willing to talk and so forth
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but have tremendous power bringing uh serious pressure to bear we
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can march you know we marched against the war by the
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millions we were ignored by the bush administration some of us
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went to jail we were ignored we couldn't translate the foreign policy That happened sometimes.
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It was different in Vietnam.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這段影片共有 85 個句子、1039 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 6:23。 說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 163 個詞，接近日常對話。 只有 81% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| demo 名詞 | /ˈdɛm.oʊ/ | 示範 /示範 |
| worker 名詞 | /ˈwɝ.kɚ/ | 工人, 工作者 |
| liberty 名詞 | /ˈlɪbəti/ | 自由 |
| humanity 名詞 | /hjuˈmænɪti/ | 人類 /人類 |
| elect 動詞 | /ɪˈlɛkt/ | 選擇 /選擇, 選舉 /選舉 |
| dictator 名詞 | /ˈdɪkˌteɪtəɹ/ | 獨裁者 /獨裁者 |
| ignore 動詞 | /ɪɡˈnɔː/ | 無視 /無視, 忽略 |
| courage 名詞 | /ˈkʌ.ɹɪd͡ʒ/ | 勇氣 /勇氣, 膽量 /膽量 |
| relation 名詞 | /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ | 關係 /關係 |
| dialogue 名詞 | /ˈdaɪəˌlɑɡ/ | 對話 /對話, 會話 /會話 |
| vulnerable 形容詞 | /ˈvʌln(ə)ɹəbl̩/ | 脆弱的, 敏感的 |
| torture 名詞 | /ˈtoɹt͡ʃɚ/ | 折磨, 煎熬 |
| tremendous 形容詞 | /tɹɪˈmɛndəs/ | 令人敬畏/驚歎/驚異的 /令人敬畏/驚歎/驚異的 |
| organize 動詞 | /ˈɔɹɡənaɪz/ | 組織 /組織 |
| translate 動詞 | /tɹænzˈleɪt/ | 翻譯 /翻譯, 譯 /譯 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| get through 動詞 | /ɡɛt ˈθɹu/ | 度過 /度過 |
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | were duped · being produced · being demonized |
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | man's been elected · I've had |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 20 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 don't, we're, you've。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “th” 音: apathy /ˈæ.pə.θi/, thinker /ˈθɪŋ.kɚ/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, institution /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/, commercialize /kəˈmɚʃəˌlaɪz/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, institution /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/, fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/, intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 demo, worker, liberty 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。