跟读练习: Cornel West: How Intellectuals Betrayed the Poor | Big Think - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Yeah, I think one was, there was a idolizing of unfettered markets.
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And much, if not most, of the intelligentsia were duped.
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I recall traveling with my dear brother Michael Harrington talking with Brother Stanley Aronowitz years ago,
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and, you know, here we're engaging critiques of unfettered markets, and it looked as if we were medieval thinkers.
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Everybody was saying we're followers of Milton Friedman.
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Everybody was saying Frederick Hayek got it right.
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Everybody was saying marketize, commercialize, commodify.
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And we were still reading Lukács, and Lukács was saying commodification is not simply an asymmetric relation of power,
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of bosses vis -a -vis workers.
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So workers are being more and more marginalized.
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Profits are being produced, wealth is being produced, hemorrhaged at the top.
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No fair distribution of that wealth or profit for workers.
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Poor are being demonized because they are viewed as those persons who are irresponsible, who will not work, who are always looking for welfare,
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i .e., failures in the society of success.
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And we reached the brink and the chickens came home to roost.
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And a few years ago the unfettered markets led us off and over the brink.
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And all of a sudden very few intellectuals want to be honest and acknowledge the degree to which they were duped.
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Don't want to talk about the inequality that went along with it.
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Don't want to talk about the demonization of the poor that went along with it.
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Don't want to talk about the politics of fear
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that produced a republican party that was more
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and more lily white using not just race but also demonizing gay brothers
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and lesbian sisters you see don't want to talk about the indifference toward the poor
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and greed being good and desirable and so forth now it's a very different moment
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and it's not you know just about a pointing fingers but saying somebody's got to take responsibility for this.
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This was a nearly 40 -year run.
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Who paid the cost?
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That's usually the case.
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Poor working people paid the cost, disproportionately black and brown and red.
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So in the age of Obama, we say, okay, can we have a different kind of discussion?
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And that's what we're trying to do.
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But of course, you've got two wars going on.
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You've got still Wall Street in the driver's seat in the Obama administration when it comes to the economic team, you see?
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And you've got very, you know, I think in some ways unimaginative thinking when it comes to foreign policy,
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be it the Middle East or be it European Union or be it Latin America, you know, calling Chavez a dictator, the man's been elected.
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If he's calling in the question of rights and liberties, criticize him as a Democratic president.
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We did the same thing for Bush.
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Bush was calling him the question rights and liberty.
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We didn't call him a dictator.
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We said he's a democratic elected president who's doing the wrong thing.
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Chavez ought to be criticized.
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He's not a dictator.
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The man's been elected.
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But it's that kind of demonizing that obscures and obfuscates the kinds of issues that are necessary because
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Chavez is also talking about poor people.
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Of course, I want libertarian and democratic sides.
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I want rights and liberties and empowerment of poor people.
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But talking about poor people is not a joke it's crucial it's part
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and parcel of the future of any serious democratic project the
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fundamental question of any democracy is what is the relation between public
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and interests and the most vulnerable that's the question
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that is the question the test of your rule of law
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is going to be how are the most vulnerable being treated
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it's not whether the torturers are getting off we know the
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tortures don't have a rule of law applied to them the The wiretappers, they're getting off scot -free.
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What about Jamal with the crack bag?
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Taken to jail for seven years.
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Oh, so you got a different rule of law when it comes to Jamal on the corner versus your
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torturers and your wiretappers?
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Torture is a crime against humanity, it's not just illegal, wiretapping is illegal.
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Now it's not a crime against humanity, because I mean, I'm sure I've had my phone tapped for years.
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I don't think they commit the crime against humanity, they just ought to quit doing it, I think to keep you in mind,
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the demos is always heterogeneous, diverse, got a lot of xenophobic elements among the demos,
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a lot of ignorance, a lot of parochialism, you also have a lot of cosmopolitanism, a lot of globalism, a lot of courage, moral courage.
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So the demos is not one thing.
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But when it comes to the ability of the demos to organize, mobilize, and bring power and pressure to bear.
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we certainly are in a crisis our system is broken we've got 71 of people who want universal health care
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and you can barely get through a reform bill with a
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weak public option it's clear lobbyists from the top pharmaceutical companies
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drug companies have tremendous influence much more than the demos from below you see
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so that that those those preferences don't get translated easily
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because our politicians are beholden to that big money and that big influence
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but i mean the demos are still around thank god you got your own institution
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dialogue dialogue is the lifeblood of a democracy we gotta allow
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ideas to flow you have to expose people to different visions alternative arguments
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and so on to try to keep the torch of the progressive demos alive
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but it's very difficult to to organize it complacency is deep
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apathy is deep uh people are wondering how can you confront you know big finance big
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government tied to big finance when all you got is these little people
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who are willing to talk and so forth
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but have tremendous power bringing uh serious pressure to bear we
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can march you know we marched against the war by the
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millions we were ignored by the bush administration some of us
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went to jail we were ignored we couldn't translate the foreign policy That happened sometimes.
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It was different in Vietnam.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这段视频共有 85 个句子、1039 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 6:23。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 163 个词，接近日常对话。 只有 81% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| demo 名词 | /ˈdɛm.oʊ/ | 示範 /示范 |
| worker 名词 | /ˈwɝ.kɚ/ | 工人, 工作者 |
| liberty 名词 | /ˈlɪbəti/ | 自由 |
| humanity 名词 | /hjuˈmænɪti/ | 人類 /人类 |
| elect 动词 | /ɪˈlɛkt/ | 選擇 /选择, 選舉 /选举 |
| dictator 名词 | /ˈdɪkˌteɪtəɹ/ | 獨裁者 /独裁者 |
| ignore 动词 | /ɪɡˈnɔː/ | 無視 /无视, 忽略 |
| courage 名词 | /ˈkʌ.ɹɪd͡ʒ/ | 勇氣 /勇气, 膽量 /胆量 |
| relation 名词 | /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ | 關係 /关系 |
| dialogue 名词 | /ˈdaɪəˌlɑɡ/ | 對話 /对话, 會話 /会话 |
| vulnerable 形容词 | /ˈvʌln(ə)ɹəbl̩/ | 脆弱的, 敏感的 |
| torture 名词 | /ˈtoɹt͡ʃɚ/ | 折磨, 煎熬 |
| tremendous 形容词 | /tɹɪˈmɛndəs/ | 令人敬畏/驚歎/驚異的 /令人敬畏/惊叹/惊异的 |
| organize 动词 | /ˈɔɹɡənaɪz/ | 組織 /组织 |
| translate 动词 | /tɹænzˈleɪt/ | 翻譯 /翻译, 譯 /译 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| get through 动词 | /ɡɛt ˈθɹu/ | 度過 /度过 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | were duped · being produced · being demonized |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | man's been elected · I've had |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 20 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 don't, we're, you've。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “th” 音: apathy /ˈæ.pə.θi/, thinker /ˈθɪŋ.kɚ/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, institution /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/, commercialize /kəˈmɚʃəˌlaɪz/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, institution /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/, fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/, intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 demo, worker, liberty 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。