跟讀練習: Learn Present Perfect Easily in 9 Minutes - 通過影片學習英語口語
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133 句
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Hey guys, welcome to Lingua Marina.
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Let's talk about English students' least favorite tense, which is present perfect, because it is so confusing.
我們來聊聊英語學習者最不喜歡的時態——現在完成時，因為它實在太容易讓人混淆了。
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I was taught at school that present perfect is a past tense, which is not, because if we look at its name,
我在學校學的時候，老師說現在完成時是一種過去時態，但其實不是，因為從它的名稱就能看出來。
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it says present perfect, which means that yes, we're talking about our actions in the past,
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but their result is still here with us in the present.
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This is why it's present perfect.
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It's a present tense and it's really important not to mix it up with a past tense.
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It's really important to use it in the right way.
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So today we're going to talk about present perfect.
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One of the most important things to remember about present perfect is that we don't really care when exactly something happened.
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For example, I say I've lost my keys.
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I don't really care if I lost them yesterday.
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I don't really care if I lost them a week ago.
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I care about the result.
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I've lost my keys and I can't get into my house.
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This is the result.
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And so it doesn't matter when exactly the action happened, it matters that the result is still here.
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It's my present.
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I can't get into my house.
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The way we form this tense is that we use either have or has.
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I have, you have, they have, we have, it, she, he, has.
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After that, we use our verb in the third form.
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And here, please pay attention, we have regular verbs where the third form is the same as second and is easily formed by adding ed,
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play, played, played, stopped, stopped, stopped.
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And we have irregular verbs that you have to learn run,
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ran, run, bring, brought, brought, rise, rose, risen.
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So we use the third form.
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And please remember that some regular verbs actually change the way they're written.
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So for example, say, said, said.
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We get rid of Y in the second and third form.
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And we add ID.
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Study, studied, studied.
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So just pay attention to the spelling of those words.
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So we have has or have.
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We have a verb in the third form.
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And if it's a regular verb, we add ed.
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If it's irregular verb, we just learn the third form.
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And very often, we have a word that tells us that we have to use present perfect.
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Ever, never, since, already, yet.
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Remember what I told you? we don't really care about the exact timing of an action.
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So whenever you have a year ago, in 1990, in March 2015,
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that means that you would probably need to use past simple.
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Because again, in present perfect, we don't care about the exact point at time.
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We don't care about the exact day or exact year.
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We just care about the result
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so I have never eaten pizza in my life okay the result
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if I try pizza it's gonna be something new for me
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I've never eaten a taco I've been to Great Britain once
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that means if I go now it wouldn't be a new country for me
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but it doesn't really matter whether I've been in Great Britain in 2015
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or 2020 in this case we use past simple i've been to italy many times also
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when you are taking your toefl test when you're taking your ielts test
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or whatever test that you're taking please do not contract your
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verbs don't say i've been there don't write i've been there please say
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and write i have been there this is formal academic english
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and this is what's required from you when you're taking a formal test
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when you're writing a formal essay of course
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when you're chatting to your friends to your classmates
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when you're recording a video on youtube
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or watching my videos you're free to comment below oh my god i was scared by the slabs
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when you're commenting on this video you can totally contract uh your verbs
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and say i've been there i've enjoyed this video so much i've learned so much from this video
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Marina you're an amazing teacher you are being too modest
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so feel free to contract below this video but please don't use contractions
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when you are taking an academic test the negative form in this tense is formed by adding not
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I have not done this I have not seen this before
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or if you want to make it shorter you can say I haven't done this before I haven't seen this before.
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When you're forming a question in present perfect, this half goes into the beginning of the sentence.
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Have you ever been to the United States?
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If you want to add wh question, your wh word comes first who what
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when whatever what have you done today this wh comes first
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and then you have your have or has
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and then you have your verb
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or how many times have you been to the uk again your question comes first then you have has
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or have and then you have your verb it is really important to learn the word order
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because when you are speaking to a native speaker and And when your intonation is not right, when your word order is not right,
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people might not understand you at all.
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Because when you're talking to native speakers, they are used to talking to other native speakers
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and it might be a little hard for them to understand you
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if you have an accent or if you're mixing up word order.
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This is why whenever you're learning something, please make sure you're learning everything.
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Accent, word order, pronunciation, that's really important in any language.
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Okay, when do we use Present Perfect?
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We use present perfect to talk about actions that started in the past
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or happened in the past and still have effect on our present.
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I've lost my keys, I can't enter the house.
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They've missed the bus, that means they will be late.
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I've already eaten means I'm not hungry.
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So we don't care about when exactly the action happened, we care about the result in present.
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I've lost my money, I've lost my club, and now I've lost my guests.
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We also use present perfect when we talk about our life experiences.
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I've been to the UK.
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I've studied in Germany.
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I've done this so many times before.
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When you talk about your experiences, about things you've done before, you use present perfect.
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I've never driven before.
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Also, if you have an unfinished time word, for example, this year, this week,
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today, and want to talk about actions that have happened in the period that is still ongoing,
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you use present perfect let me give you a couple of examples
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we've already repaired our car twice this year oh my god
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and there might be another repair coming up you've already done so many things today
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you've accomplished so much during this day
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and you still have time to do something else
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you've already slept for five hours today stop sleeping come on time to work
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so whenever we have this ongoing time stamp we use present perfect yeah
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i've already seen someone cry today also quick difference between present perfect
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and past simple if you say i worked here for five years
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that means you're still working here if you say i worked here for five years
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that means you're no longer working here you see the subtle difference in using of tenses makes everything completely different
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and gives a completely different context to a person you're talking to And let me give you a quick exercise.
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He hungry in 1990.
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Which tense would you use here?
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Another example.
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He hungry two times.
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So in the first example, you have past simple because it has a timestamp.
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1990. He visited Hungary in 1990.
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But in the second sentence, you don't have a timestamp, you just have a number of times he has visited Hungary.
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So, he has visited Hungary two times.
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Guys, if you like how I teach you tenses, I have a whole course on English language tenses.
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It's really detailed, really interactive, with a lot of exercises, because once you got information about tenses, you really need to practice them.
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It has a lot of additional materials for you to practice, to learn, to print out, and put on your desk.
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Only for you guys, because you're watching this video and you're watching up to the very end,
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you're getting an exclusive promo code to take my course with a discount.
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The link and the promo code will be below.
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Thank you guys so much for watching this video.
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I'll see you on my course where I will talk about other English language tenses
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and explain them in more details with a lot of exercises.
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So looking forward to seeing you there.
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Please subscribe to this channel if you're learning English
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and haven't subscribed yet because this is one of the mistakes you're making in your English language.
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Like this video if you enjoyed this content.
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I will see you very soon.
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Bye -bye.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節口語課以影片“Learn Present Perfect Easily in 9 Minutes”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：present, perfect, tense, verb, word。 這段影片共有 133 個句子、1520 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 9:09。 說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 166 個詞，接近日常對話。 88% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙容易理解。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| tense 名詞 | /tɛns/ | 時態 /時態, 時制 /時制 |
| verb 名詞 | /vɝb/ | 動詞 /動詞 |
| formal 形容詞 | /ˈfɔɹməl/ | 正式 |
| hungry 形容詞 | /ˈhʌŋ.ɡɹi/ | 飢餓 /飢餓, 餓 /餓 |
| pizza 名詞 | /ˈpi.tsə/ | 比薩 /比薩, 披薩 /披薩 |
| repair 動詞 | /ˈɹiːpɛɚ/ | 修理 |
| ongoing 形容詞 | /ɒnˈɡəʊ.ɪŋ/ | 進行中的 /進行中的 |
| accent 名詞 | /ækˈsɛnt/ | 重音, 腔調 /腔調 |
| subscribe 動詞 | /səbˈskɹaɪb/ | 簽署 /簽署 |
| irregular 形容詞 | /ɪˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/ | 無常 /無常 |
| desk 名詞 | /dɛsk/ | 書桌 /書桌, 寫字檯 /寫字枱 /寫字臺 /寫字臺 |
| discount 名詞 | /ˈdɪskaʊnt/ | 折扣 |
| essay 名詞 | /ˈɛs.eɪ/ | 雜文 /雜文, 論文 /論文 |
| stamp 名詞 | /stæmp/ | 印章, 圖章 /圖章 |
| subtle 形容詞 | /ˈsʌtəl/ | 微妙 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 釋義 |
|---|---|
| come up 動詞 | 上來 /上來 |
| look forward to 動詞 | 期待, 嚮往 |
值得反覆跟讀的句子
影片中簡短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常對話裡：
- For example, I say I've lost my keys.
- I don't really care if I lost them yesterday.
- I can't get into my house.
- Remember what I told you?
- Which tense would you use here?
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | I've lost · have never eaten · I've never eaten |
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | was taught · is easily formed · is formed |
| 定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物 | tense, which is · perfect, which means |
| 用 “might / may” 表可能 might/may + 動詞 — 有可能但不確定的事 | might not understand · might be |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 75 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 you're, I've, don't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: accomplish /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ/, unfinished /ʌnˈfɪnɪʃt/, pronunciation /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/, contraction /kənˈtɹækʃ(ə)n/, intonation /ɪntəˈneɪʃən/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: irregular /ɪˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/, interactive /ˌɪn.tɚˈæk.tɪv/, pronunciation /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/, intonation /ɪntəˈneɪʃən/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: verb /vɝb/, interactive /ˌɪn.tɚˈæk.tɪv/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: tense /tɛns/, verb /vɝb/, accent /ækˈsɛnt/, subscribe /səbˈskɹaɪb/, desk /dɛsk/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: formal /ˈfɔɹməl/, irregular /ɪˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 tense, verb, formal 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。