跟讀練習: Listening Test 3. Part 4: Microplastics - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Part 4.

You will hear part of an environmental science lecture about microplastics.

First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.

Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

In today's lecture, I'm going to be talking about microplastics.

Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic smaller than 5 mm in size.

Recently, there's been a greater awareness that there are large quantities of plastic waste, big and small, in the environment.

The amount of plastic waste in the oceans has received widespread attention,

but far less is known about the effects of microplastics in freshwater and particularly in soil oil.

Microplastics can enter the environment via a number of different sources.

Threads and microfibres detach from synthetic clothing every time they're put in a washing machine,

and these find their way into the water system.

Other sources include big pieces of plastic waste that are already in the environment,

and these break down into microscopic particles over a period of time.

On a larger scale, factory waste is another route, as our tyres, which wear down as cars,

lorries and so on, travel along road surfaces.

We already understand some of the impacts of microplastics from studies involving fish and other animals.

There is evidence that microplastics harm small creatures in a variety of ways, such as by damaging their mouths,

or by impairing their ability to feed, for example when microplastics get lodged in their digestive system.

Surprisingly, perhaps, it is likely that humans consume microplastics, as these have been detected in a wide range of food and drink products,

including bottled water, as well as in water that comes direct from the tap.

What's more, salt and many kinds of seafood have also been found to contain microplastics.

However, it's important to underline that there is not yet conclusive proof that microplastics cause significant harm to people.

In many countries, including here in the UK, there is legislation which prevents manufacturers from adding plastic microbeads to shower gels,

facial cleansers and toothpaste.

It is very difficult to accurately estimate the total amount of

microplastic particles in the soil as they can be hard to detect

but we do know they are carried in the air and deposited in the soil by rain.

What's more many of the fertilizers used by both farmers and gardeners contain microplastics.

A team from the Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge has carried

out a study of the effects of microplastics on the digestive tracts of earthworms.

These worms, which live in topsoil, are an essential component of our agricultural system.

By feeding on soil, they mix nutrients into it, thereby making it more fertile.

The researchers set out to discover whether the introduction of microplastics into the soil

and the subsequent ingestion of these by earthworms would impact soil quality and ultimately inhibit plant growth.

The short answer was yes, it did.

After placing three different types of microplastic particles into the soil, they planted perennial ryegrass.

The particles of microplastic, which included biodegradable PLA and conventional high-density polyethylene,

or HTPE, were then ingested by the earthworms in the soil.

The result was that the worms lost weight rapidly.

What's more, a lower percentage than normal of the ryegrass seeds germinated, and the researchers concluded

that this was a direct result of the earthworms being unable to fulfil their normal role in making soil more fertile.

The team also discovered that there was an increase in the amount of acid found in the soil,

and this was attributed mainly to the microplastic particles from conventional HDPE plastic.

The conclusions of the study make for very interesting reading.

I've included the reference in the notes to give you at the end of this session.

To summarise, the authors proposed the idea that we need to regard soil as we would regard any other process in nature.

This means we should accept the implications of soil being dependent on decaying

and dead matter constantly being passed through the bodies of earthworms.

That is, when soil becomes impoverished by the presence of microplastics,

not only ecosystems but also the whole of society are negatively impacted.

That is the end of part four.

Thank you.

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為什麼用這個影片練習口語？

想要提升英語口語，「看YouTube學英語」是個超實用的方法！這個關於微塑膠的講座影片，語速適中、內容專業又貼近生活，非常適合用來練習「shadow speak」（影子跟讀法）。通過模仿演講者的語調、節奏和重音，你能快速掌握學術英語的表達邏輯，還能積累環境科學相關的高頻詞彙。更重要的是，影片裡的句子結構豐富，從定義解釋到實驗描述都有，跟著說能同時鍛鍊口語流暢度和思維清晰度，簡直是一舉多得！

語境中的語法與表達

影片裡有不少值得學習的實用表達，快記下來：

“...via a number of different sources”：表示“通過多種不同來源”，在描述事物成因時超好用，比簡單的“from”更精準。
“it is likely that...”：用來表達“很可能……”，口語中替換“maybe”能讓表達更正式。比如“it is likely that humans consume microplastics”（人類很可能攝入微塑膠）。
“attributed mainly to...”：意為“主要歸因於……”，在說明因果關係時必備，例如“土壤酸性增加主要歸因於傳統HDPE塑膠”。

發音陷阱需注意

練習「shadow speak」時，這些單詞的發音要特別留意：

microplastics：注意“micro”的發音是/ˈmaɪkrəʊ/，不要讀成/maɪˈkrɒ/；“plastics”的尾音“s”要輕讀。
biodegradable：這個長單詞的重音在第二個音節/bˌaɪəʊdɪˈɡreɪdəbl/，別讀錯重音位置。
perennial ryegrass：“perennial”的發音是/pəˈreniəl/，“ryegrass”要連讀成/ˈraɪɡrɑːs/，避免分開讀。

多跟著影片重複這些句子，既能提高英語發音，又能熟練運用實用表達。堅持用「shadowspeak」法練習，你會發現口語進步看得見！

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	is known · have been detected · been found
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	there's been · has received · have been detected

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Listening Test 3. Part 4: Microplastics - 通過影片學習英語口語

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為什麼用這個影片練習口語？

語境中的語法與表達

發音陷阱需注意

影片中的語法

什麼是跟讀法？