Практика Shadowing: Listening Test 3. Part 4: Microplastics - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

Создание урока...
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Part 4.
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You will hear part of an environmental science lecture about microplastics.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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In today's lecture, I'm going to be talking about microplastics.
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Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic smaller than 5 mm in size.
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Recently, there's been a greater awareness that there are large quantities of plastic waste, big and small, in the environment.
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The amount of plastic waste in the oceans has received widespread attention,
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but far less is known about the effects of microplastics in freshwater and particularly in soil oil.
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Microplastics can enter the environment via a number of different sources.
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Threads and microfibres detach from synthetic clothing every time they're put in a washing machine,
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and these find their way into the water system.
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Other sources include big pieces of plastic waste that are already in the environment,
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and these break down into microscopic particles over a period of time.
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On a larger scale, factory waste is another route, as our tyres, which wear down as cars,
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lorries and so on, travel along road surfaces.
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We already understand some of the impacts of microplastics from studies involving fish and other animals.
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There is evidence that microplastics harm small creatures in a variety of ways, such as by damaging their mouths,
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or by impairing their ability to feed, for example when microplastics get lodged in their digestive system.
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Surprisingly, perhaps, it is likely that humans consume microplastics, as these have been detected in a wide range of food and drink products,
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including bottled water, as well as in water that comes direct from the tap.
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What's more, salt and many kinds of seafood have also been found to contain microplastics.
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However, it's important to underline that there is not yet conclusive proof that microplastics cause significant harm to people.
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In many countries, including here in the UK, there is legislation which prevents manufacturers from adding plastic microbeads to shower gels,
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facial cleansers and toothpaste.
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It is very difficult to accurately estimate the total amount of
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microplastic particles in the soil as they can be hard to detect
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but we do know they are carried in the air and deposited in the soil by rain.
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What's more many of the fertilizers used by both farmers and gardeners contain microplastics.
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A team from the Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge has carried
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out a study of the effects of microplastics on the digestive tracts of earthworms.
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These worms, which live in topsoil, are an essential component of our agricultural system.
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By feeding on soil, they mix nutrients into it, thereby making it more fertile.
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The researchers set out to discover whether the introduction of microplastics into the soil
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and the subsequent ingestion of these by earthworms would impact soil quality and ultimately inhibit plant growth.
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The short answer was yes, it did.
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After placing three different types of microplastic particles into the soil, they planted perennial ryegrass.
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The particles of microplastic, which included biodegradable PLA and conventional high-density polyethylene,
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or HTPE, were then ingested by the earthworms in the soil.
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The result was that the worms lost weight rapidly.
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What's more, a lower percentage than normal of the ryegrass seeds germinated, and the researchers concluded
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that this was a direct result of the earthworms being unable to fulfil their normal role in making soil more fertile.
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The team also discovered that there was an increase in the amount of acid found in the soil,
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and this was attributed mainly to the microplastic particles from conventional HDPE plastic.
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The conclusions of the study make for very interesting reading.
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I've included the reference in the notes to give you at the end of this session.
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To summarise, the authors proposed the idea that we need to regard soil as we would regard any other process in nature.
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This means we should accept the implications of soil being dependent on decaying
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and dead matter constantly being passed through the bodies of earthworms.
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That is, when soil becomes impoverished by the presence of microplastics,
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not only ecosystems but also the whole of society are negatively impacted.
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That is the end of part four.
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Thank you.
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Сценарий: Лекция о микропластике

Представьте, что вы слушаете лекцию по экологии в английском университете. Тема — микропластик, его источники, влияние на почву и животных. Такой контент часто встречается в экзаменах на слух или в академической среде. Он помогает освоить научный лексикон, понять сложные идеи и улучшить восприятие речи на слух. А для практики говорения подходит как нельзя лучше: здесь есть логические цепочки, специфичные термины и примеры исследований — все, что нужно для развития разговорной компетенции.

Полезные сочетания и выражения

  • Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic smaller than 5 mm in size — простой определение, которое поможет описать предмет лекции.
  • Break down into microscopic particles — как упоминать разложение пластика. Полезно для объяснения процессов в природе.
  • Impair their ability to feed — выразить нарушение функций у животных. Подходит для обсуждения экологических последствий.
  • Conclusive proof — термин, обозначающий окончательное доказательство. Часто используется в научных дискуссиях.
  • Inhibit plant growth — описать замедление роста растений. Удобно для темы сельского хозяйства и экологии.

Ваше задание на shadowing

Чтобы улучшить произношение английского и научиться повторять речь быстро, попробуйте shadow speech (или shadowspeak). Это техника, когда вы повторяете за говорящим сразу же, с задержкой в 1-2 секунды. Выберите отрывок из видео про исследование с червями (около 30 секунд). Сначала прослушайте его несколько раз, запомните ритм и интонацию. Затем включите запись и повторяйте каждый фрагмент сразу после говорящего. Постарайтесь совпадать по темпу и ударениям. Это поможет развить слуховую память и автоматизацию речи. Если вы ищете платформу для практики, используйте shadowing site — там можно найти разные материалы и тренироваться регулярно. Начните с небольших шагов, и через месяц заметите прогресс!

Грамматика в этом видео

Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:

КонструкцияВ видео
Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делаетis known · have been detected · been found
Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчасhas received · have been detected · have also been found

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

Техника шедоуинга: читать полное пошаговое руководство →