Prática de Shadowing: Listening Test 3. Part 4: Microplastics - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Part 4.
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You will hear part of an environmental science lecture about microplastics.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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In today's lecture, I'm going to be talking about microplastics.
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Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic smaller than 5 mm in size.
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Recently, there's been a greater awareness that there are large quantities of plastic waste, big and small, in the environment.
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The amount of plastic waste in the oceans has received widespread attention,
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but far less is known about the effects of microplastics in freshwater and particularly in soil oil.
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Microplastics can enter the environment via a number of different sources.
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Threads and microfibres detach from synthetic clothing every time they're put in a washing machine,
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and these find their way into the water system.
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Other sources include big pieces of plastic waste that are already in the environment,
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and these break down into microscopic particles over a period of time.
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On a larger scale, factory waste is another route, as our tyres, which wear down as cars,
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lorries and so on, travel along road surfaces.
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We already understand some of the impacts of microplastics from studies involving fish and other animals.
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There is evidence that microplastics harm small creatures in a variety of ways, such as by damaging their mouths,
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or by impairing their ability to feed, for example when microplastics get lodged in their digestive system.
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Surprisingly, perhaps, it is likely that humans consume microplastics, as these have been detected in a wide range of food and drink products,
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including bottled water, as well as in water that comes direct from the tap.
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What's more, salt and many kinds of seafood have also been found to contain microplastics.
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However, it's important to underline that there is not yet conclusive proof that microplastics cause significant harm to people.
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In many countries, including here in the UK, there is legislation which prevents manufacturers from adding plastic microbeads to shower gels,
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facial cleansers and toothpaste.
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It is very difficult to accurately estimate the total amount of
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microplastic particles in the soil as they can be hard to detect
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but we do know they are carried in the air and deposited in the soil by rain.
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What's more many of the fertilizers used by both farmers and gardeners contain microplastics.
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A team from the Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge has carried
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out a study of the effects of microplastics on the digestive tracts of earthworms.
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These worms, which live in topsoil, are an essential component of our agricultural system.
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By feeding on soil, they mix nutrients into it, thereby making it more fertile.
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The researchers set out to discover whether the introduction of microplastics into the soil
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and the subsequent ingestion of these by earthworms would impact soil quality and ultimately inhibit plant growth.
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The short answer was yes, it did.
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After placing three different types of microplastic particles into the soil, they planted perennial ryegrass.
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The particles of microplastic, which included biodegradable PLA and conventional high-density polyethylene,
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or HTPE, were then ingested by the earthworms in the soil.
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The result was that the worms lost weight rapidly.
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What's more, a lower percentage than normal of the ryegrass seeds germinated, and the researchers concluded
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that this was a direct result of the earthworms being unable to fulfil their normal role in making soil more fertile.
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The team also discovered that there was an increase in the amount of acid found in the soil,
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and this was attributed mainly to the microplastic particles from conventional HDPE plastic.
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The conclusions of the study make for very interesting reading.
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I've included the reference in the notes to give you at the end of this session.
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To summarise, the authors proposed the idea that we need to regard soil as we would regard any other process in nature.
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This means we should accept the implications of soil being dependent on decaying
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and dead matter constantly being passed through the bodies of earthworms.
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That is, when soil becomes impoverished by the presence of microplastics,
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not only ecosystems but also the whole of society are negatively impacted.
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That is the end of part four.
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Thank you.
📺 Mesmo canal
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O Cenário: Aula sobre Microplásticos e Impactos Ambientais
O vídeo apresenta uma aula de ciências ambientais sobre microplásticos, discutindo fontes, efeitos em ecossistemas e estudos recentes. Essa situação real é perfeita para praticar listening em inglês, pois combina vocabulário técnico com explicações claras, ideal para quem quer aprender inglês com YouTube e melhorar a compreensão de aulas acadêmicas.
Trechos Úteis e Colocações para Memorizar
- "Break down into microscopic particles": "Quebrar em partículas microscópicas" – útil para descrever decomposição de plásticos.
- "Impair their ability to feed": "Dificultar sua capacidade de se alimentar" – expressão comum em contextos biológicos.
- "Inhibit plant growth": "Inibir o crescimento das plantas" – essencial para falar de impactos ambientais.
- "Mix nutrients into it": "Misturar nutrientes nele" – usada em explicações sobre fertilidade do solo.
- "Rapidly lose weight": "Perder peso rapidamente" – descrição clara de efeitos físicos em organismos.
Seu Desafio de Shadowing: Pratique Agora!
Para melhorar a pronúncia em inglês, use a técnica de shadowspeak (imitação imediata). Siga estes passos: 1. Reproduza o vídeo e pause após cada frase curta (2-3 segundos). 2. Repita a frase em voz alta, imitando a entonação e o ritmo do falante. 3. Foque em palavras como "microplastics", "earthworms" e "fertilizers" – preste atenção ao som de "th" em "earthworms" e à sílaba tônica em "fertilizers". 4. Faça isso por 5 minutos diários; você notará uma melhora na fluência e na pronúncia em poucas semanas. Lembre: o shadow speak é uma das melhores maneiras de treinar a escuta e a fala ao mesmo tempo!
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | is known · have been detected · been found |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | has received · have been detected · have also been found |
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.