쉐도잉 연습: Listening Test 3. Part 4: Microplastics - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

레슨 만드는 중...
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Part 4.
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You will hear part of an environmental science lecture about microplastics.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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In today's lecture, I'm going to be talking about microplastics.
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Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic smaller than 5 mm in size.
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Recently, there's been a greater awareness that there are large quantities of plastic waste, big and small, in the environment.
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The amount of plastic waste in the oceans has received widespread attention,
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but far less is known about the effects of microplastics in freshwater and particularly in soil oil.
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Microplastics can enter the environment via a number of different sources.
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Threads and microfibres detach from synthetic clothing every time they're put in a washing machine,
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and these find their way into the water system.
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Other sources include big pieces of plastic waste that are already in the environment,
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and these break down into microscopic particles over a period of time.
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On a larger scale, factory waste is another route, as our tyres, which wear down as cars,
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lorries and so on, travel along road surfaces.
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We already understand some of the impacts of microplastics from studies involving fish and other animals.
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There is evidence that microplastics harm small creatures in a variety of ways, such as by damaging their mouths,
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or by impairing their ability to feed, for example when microplastics get lodged in their digestive system.
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Surprisingly, perhaps, it is likely that humans consume microplastics, as these have been detected in a wide range of food and drink products,
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including bottled water, as well as in water that comes direct from the tap.
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What's more, salt and many kinds of seafood have also been found to contain microplastics.
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However, it's important to underline that there is not yet conclusive proof that microplastics cause significant harm to people.
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In many countries, including here in the UK, there is legislation which prevents manufacturers from adding plastic microbeads to shower gels,
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facial cleansers and toothpaste.
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It is very difficult to accurately estimate the total amount of
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microplastic particles in the soil as they can be hard to detect
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but we do know they are carried in the air and deposited in the soil by rain.
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What's more many of the fertilizers used by both farmers and gardeners contain microplastics.
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A team from the Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge has carried
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out a study of the effects of microplastics on the digestive tracts of earthworms.
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These worms, which live in topsoil, are an essential component of our agricultural system.
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By feeding on soil, they mix nutrients into it, thereby making it more fertile.
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The researchers set out to discover whether the introduction of microplastics into the soil
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and the subsequent ingestion of these by earthworms would impact soil quality and ultimately inhibit plant growth.
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The short answer was yes, it did.
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After placing three different types of microplastic particles into the soil, they planted perennial ryegrass.
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The particles of microplastic, which included biodegradable PLA and conventional high-density polyethylene,
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or HTPE, were then ingested by the earthworms in the soil.
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The result was that the worms lost weight rapidly.
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What's more, a lower percentage than normal of the ryegrass seeds germinated, and the researchers concluded
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that this was a direct result of the earthworms being unable to fulfil their normal role in making soil more fertile.
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The team also discovered that there was an increase in the amount of acid found in the soil,
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and this was attributed mainly to the microplastic particles from conventional HDPE plastic.
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The conclusions of the study make for very interesting reading.
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I've included the reference in the notes to give you at the end of this session.
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To summarise, the authors proposed the idea that we need to regard soil as we would regard any other process in nature.
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This means we should accept the implications of soil being dependent on decaying
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and dead matter constantly being passed through the bodies of earthworms.
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That is, when soil becomes impoverished by the presence of microplastics,
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not only ecosystems but also the whole of society are negatively impacted.
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That is the end of part four.
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Thank you.
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영어 듣기 연습: 마이크로플라스틱 강의

이 비디오는 환경과학 강의에서 마이크로플라스틱에 대해 다루는 내용으로, 실제 학교 수업이나 학술 강의에서 듣게 되는 장면을 재현합니다. 영어로 과학적 주제를 이해하는 것은 어렵지만, 이 강의를 통해 전문 용어뿐 아니라 논리적인 구조도 익힐 수 있어 유튜브 영어 공부에 매우 유용합니다. 특히 토론이나 리포트 작성 시 필요한 표현을 많이 포함하고 있어 영어 회화 연습에도 도움이 됩니다.

유용한 표현과 연어

  • break down into microscopic particles: 미세한 입자로 분해되다. 플라스틱 폐기물이 분해되는 과정을 설명할 때 자주 사용됩니다.
  • impair their ability to feed: 먹이를 먹는 능력을 손상시키다. 동물이나 생물에 미치는 영향을 기술할 때 유용합니다.
  • inhibit plant growth: 식물 성장을 억제하다. 환경 영향 연구에서 자주 등장하는 표현입니다.
  • mix nutrients into it: 영양분을 섞다. 토양의 비옥도를 설명할 때 사용됩니다.
  • conclusive proof: 결정적인 증거. 과학적 주장을 할 때 필수적인 표현입니다.

쉐도잉 챌린지: 지금 바로 연습해보세요!

shadow speech 또는 영어 쉐도잉은 듣고 바로 따라말하는 연습법으로, 발음과 리듬, 억양을 향상시키는 데 효과적입니다. 이 강의에서 "Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic smaller than 5 mm in size. Recently, there's been a greater awareness that there are large quantities of plastic waste, big and small, in the environment." 부분을 선택해 다음과 같이 연습하세요:

  • 1번째로: 비디오를 듣고 문장의 구조를 파악합니다. "Microplastics are..."로 시작하는 정의문과 "Recently, there's been..."으로 시작하는 현재 상황 설명문의 구분을 확인합니다.
  • 2번째로: 비디오를 멈추지 않고 1초 뒤에 따라말합니다. 발음이 어려운 단어("quantities", "awareness")는 천천히 반복해서 익힙니다.
  • 3번째로: 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 비디오와 비교합니다. 억양이 올라가는 부분("greater awareness")과 강조되는 단어("large quantities")를 확인하고 조정합니다.

이 연습을 5분씩 하면, 과학적 내용의 영어 표현을 자연스럽게 사용할 수 있게 될 뿐 아니라, 듣고 바로 말하는 능력도 크게 향상될 것입니다. 마이크로플라스틱과 관련된 다른 부분도 같은 방법으로 연습해보세요!

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형영상 속 표현
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점is known · have been detected · been found
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때has received · have been detected · have also been found

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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