跟读练习: The Evolution of Human Skin Colour | BBC Earth Science - 通过视频学习英语口语
选择练习模式
每种模式都会打开全屏练习室。
34 句
如果句子过短或过长，请点击 Edit 进行调整。
1
This map shows how UV varies across the globe.
这张地图展示了全球紫外线辐射的分布情况。
2
Throughout Africa there are these very high levels, but the levels taper off dramatically as we begin to get into Western Europe or Eastern Asia.
3
And in places with less UV, high levels of melanin created a problem.
4
There are some wavelengths of UV that are actually essential to our health, that promote the production of vitamin D in our skin.
5
We need vitamin D for a strong immune system and healthy bones.
6
With less exposure to the sun, our ancestors couldn't make enough of it.
7
To survive in these new lands, our colour had to change.
8
Nina has produced a map that shows how human skin colour adapted.
9
You see very darkly pigmented people that are concentrated in the areas of high UV
10
and then much more lightly
11
or depigmented people as you get closer to the poles under conditions of very low of very low UV.
12
So each population works out a balancing act, so they're protected enough that their DNA is OK, but they still have enough UV to make vitamin D?
13
Precisely.
14
This interaction between our skin and the sun is so finely balanced
15
that even in a single individual it can adapt and change.
16
To show us, Nina is looking for the people with the biggest difference in colour between parts of the body
17
that get a lot of sun exposure and parts that get very little. So let's look here.
18
Now we don't see a lot of difference here between your upper inner arm and your forehead.
19
They're pretty closely similar.
20
And with the two very lightly pigmented people, there's very, very little difference.
21
And similarly, at the very other end of the line, with our most darkly pigmented person, there's very little difference.
22
But in the middle of the line, things are different.
23
So if we look at some of these individuals, the difference is really quite great.
24
The unexposed skin versus the exposed skin, we can really see a visible difference.
25
And all of these people have sort of moderately to darkly pigmented skin and they have tremendous abilities to tan.
26
Tanning is the solution to living at latitudes where sunlight changes dramatically throughout the year.
27
In these regions, people produce melanin to protect them in summer and then lose it in winter.
28
All of this suggests a problem because today we jet all over the world, we live in countries which we weren't born in.
29
Does that cause problems?
30
Now we have to modify our lifestyle.
31
We have to think about whether we protect our skin from ultraviolet radiation, or whether we take vitamin D supplements.
32
It's only recently we've been able to take measures like this to help control our relationship with the sun.
33
For most of our history, this vital role was played by our own skin.
34
Thank you.
同频道
FOR YOU
推荐视频
B220
167 句
Why do Humans Have Different Skin Colors?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C14
15 句
Let's Make Earth Twice as Large!
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
64 句
What Exactly Is Coral?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C17
31 句
SUMMARIZE SPOKEN TEXT - DNA & RNA
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
627 句
Brian Cox - The Most Mysterious Facts About The Universe
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C14
25 句
How Radioactive Are Your Teeth?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
477 句
تطور العين
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1414
29 句
Nature Is Speaking: Joan Chen is Sky | Conservation International (CI)
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C18
30 句
Technology Made Us Human
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B28
40 句
LITERATURE - Charles Darwin
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C18
144 句
What Did Ancient Humans Do at Night?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
270 句
The Most Misunderstood Concept in Physics
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
本课的词汇与口语要点
这段视频共有 34 个句子、479 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 3:56。 说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 122 个词，很适合跟读。 83% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| vitamin 名词 | /ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/ | 維生素 /维生素, 維他命 /维他命 |
| adapt 动词 | /əˈdæpt/ | 適應 /适应 |
| bone 名词 | /boʊn/ | гўдў, гўдўзы |
| visible 形容词 | /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/ | 看得見 /看得见, 可看見的 /可看见的 |
| vital 形容词 | /ˈvaɪtəl/ | 生命的 |
| versus | /ˈvɝsəs/ | 對 /对 |
| similarly 副词 | /ˈsɪm.ə.lə.li/ | 類似地 /类似地, 同樣地 /同样地 |
| interaction 名词 | /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/ | 相互作用 |
| lifestyle 名词 | /ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/ | 生活方式, 生態 /生态 |
| globe 名词 | /ɡloʊb/ | 地球儀 /地球仪 |
| radiation 名词 | /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/ | 放射, 輻射 /辐射 |
| pole 名词 | /pəʊl/ | 極 /极 |
| concentrate 动词 | /ˈkɑn.sən.tɹeɪt/ | 集中 |
| tremendous 形容词 | /tɹɪˈmɛndəs/ | 令人敬畏/驚歎/驚異的 /令人敬畏/惊叹/惊异的 |
| tan 动词 | /tæn/ | 鞣制, 鞣 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| work out 动词 | /ˌwɝk ˈaʊt/ | 計算 /计算, 算出 |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 6 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 they're, couldn't, don't。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: similarly /ˈsɪm.ə.lə.li/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/, ultraviolet /ˌʌltɹəˈvaɪələt/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 vitamin, adapt, bone 这类单词。
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | are concentrated · weren't born · was played |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | has produced · we've been |
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。