跟读练习: What is A Balanced Diet? - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Do you have a balanced diet?
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This is very difficult to determine as it is very complex to find out.
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A balanced diet contains the right amount of carbohydrates,
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fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water and dietary fiber to make the daily requirements of the body.
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Every one of us requires different nutrients and this depends on our lifestyle, activities and age.
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This is why a balanced diet for one person may not be a balanced diet for another.
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Balanced diet provides the energy to survive and stay healthy.
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Energy is needed to do work while we are awake and to perform activities when we are at rest or asleep.
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The amount of energy needed to carry on vital processes of the body
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when it is in complete rest is known as basal metabolism, where metabolism is the chemical reactions that take place within our bodies.
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The basal metabolic rate is a measure of how fast chemical reactions are occurring when a person is completely at rest.
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For example, the energy required in the beating of the heart.
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Basal metabolic rate is affected by climate, body size, age, sex and health of an individual.
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Climate, a person living in a cold country, tends to lose more heat in his surroundings and uses more energy in order to maintain his body temperature.
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Thus, his basal metabolic rate is higher than that of a person living in the tropics.
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Body Size People of the same sex and age may have different body size and weights.
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It is estimated that those with a bigger build require more energy than those with a smaller build.
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Age Growing children normally have a higher basal metabolic rate than older people because they require more energy for growth.
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In adults, the basal metabolic rate tends to decrease slowly throughout life.
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Sex Men normally have a higher heat production than women of the same body size and age,
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which requires more energy, as men usually have a smaller amount of fatty tissue in their bodies.
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Thus, the prevention of heat loss is less efficient in men than in women.
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Health The thyroid gland in the neck controls the metabolic rate by secreting a hormone called thyroxine.
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If someone has an underactive thyroid, it results in insufficient thyroxine, and thus thus lowering the metabolic rate.
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Overactive thyroid produces more thyroxine, resulting in a higher metabolic rate.
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Activity If someone is very active and does heavy work, he or she needs more energy per day than a person who is moderately active.
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Thank you.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这段视频共有 27 个句子、423 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 2:45。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 154 个词，接近日常对话。 只有 81% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个不太常见的单词，附发音和释义：
- thyroid /ˈθaɪ.ɹɔɪd/ (形容词) — 甲狀腺的 /甲状腺的. Of, relating to, or being the thyroid cartilage.
- metabolism /məˈtæb.əˌlɪz.əm/ (名词) — 代謝 /代谢, 新陳代謝 /新陈代谢. The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
- occur /əˈkɜː/ (动词) — 發生 /发生. To happen or take place.
- efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/ (形容词) — 高效率. Making good, thorough, or careful use of resources; not consuming extra. Especially, making good use of time or energy.
- vital /ˈvaɪtəl/ (形容词) — 生命的. Relating to or characteristic of life.
- asleep /əˈsliːp/ (形容词) — 睡著的, 睡着的. In a state of sleep; also, broadly, resting.
- tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ (名词) — 纸巾. Thin, woven, gauzelike fabric.
- estimate /ˈɛs.tɪ.mət/ (名词) — 估計 /估计. A rough calculation or assessment of the value, size, or cost of something.
- lifestyle /ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/ (名词) — 生活方式, 生態 /生态. A style of living that reflects the attitudes and values of a person or group.
- prevention /pɹɪˈvɛnʃən/ (名词) — 預防 /预防. The act of preventing or hindering; obstruction of action, access, or approach; thwarting.
- requirement /ɹɪˈkwaɪɹmənt/ (名词) — 要求, 需求. A necessity or prerequisite; something required or obligatory. Its adpositions are generally of in relation to who or what has given it, on in relation to whom…
- depend /dɪˈpɛnd/ (动词) — 信任, 信賴 /信赖. To be contingent or conditioned; to have something as a necessary condition
- decrease /dɪˈkɹiːs/ (动词) — 減少 /减少, 下降. Of a quantity, to become smaller.
- awake /əˈweɪk/ (动词) — 醒, 醒來 /醒来. To become conscious after having slept.
- mineral /ˈmɪn.ə.ɹəl/ (名词) — 礦物 /矿物. Any naturally occurring solid material that has a (more or less) definite chemical composition and characteristic physical properties; especially, an inorganic…
视频中出现的短语动词
- find out (动词) — 找出, 查明. To discover, as by asking or investigating.
需要注意的发音
- “th” 音: thyroid /ˈθaɪ.ɹɔɪd/, thyroxine /θaɪˈrɒk.sin/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, prevention /pɹɪˈvɛnʃən/, insufficient /ɪnsəˈfɪʃənt/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: metabolic /mɛtəˈbɒlɪk/, metabolism /məˈtæb.əˌlɪz.əm/, insufficient /ɪnsəˈfɪʃənt/, carbohydrate /kɑɹboʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 thyroid, metabolism, occur 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。