Shadowing Practice: Contemporary Topics Unit 9 Lecture Video - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Today, we're going to look at a relatively new global epidemic.

Now, when most people hear the word epidemic, they think of an infectious disease that spreads quickly, like hepatitis or Ebola.

However, infectious diseases are just one type of epidemic.

Today we're going to talk about another kind of epidemic, one that is non-infectious.

This is the epidemic of obesity, which is now officially a global health problem.

Obesity is a health condition in which a person has an excess amount of body fat.

The World Health Organization, also known as the WHO, measures obesity by Body Mass Index or BMI.

The formula for calculating your BMI is your body weight in kilograms divided by your height in meters squared.

An adult BMI of 18.5 to 25 is considered normal, 30 and up is considered obese.

According to the WHO, worldwide obesity has more than doubled in the past 35 years.

Today, approximately 600 million adults are considered obese, and obesity in children has increased sharply.

One of the countries with the highest percentage of obese people is the United States, with a whopping 33% according to the National Institutes of Health.

That's probably no surprise because the US, like the UK and Japan, is a developed country.

But what's important to point out is

that the number of individuals classified as obese is now increasing at a faster rate in economically developing countries like Brazil,

China and India.

And surprisingly, the rate of increase for children in these economically developing countries is 30% greater than in developed countries.

So that's what's going on.

The world is putting on weight at an alarming rate.

Today we want to look at the causes of this new epidemic, which are economic, social and behavioural.

From an economic standpoint, something has clearly changed.

In the past, obesity was considered a disease of affluence.

This means that typically only affluent people became obese.

Why?

Because wealthy people were the ones who could afford to eat lots of rich foods

and enjoy the leisurely kinds of lifestyles that led to being overweight.

Nowadays, obesity is no longer just the disease of the affluent.

Increasingly, we're witnessing the occurrence of obesity all over the world with middle and low income people.

Why?

Because more and more people are adopting a modern lifestyle.

Increased use of technology for work and leisure, less physical activity, greater use of cars,

growing access to inexpensive, high-fat, high-sugar fast food.

But there's something else going on here.

We're seeing a social or cultural shift.

The food people prefer is changing.

We now see fast food replacing traditional food in many parts of the world.

We're also seeing a behavioral shift.

The role of food is changing.

Food is being used as entertainment, as a stress release.

We all have easy access to sweet and fatty foods and drinks.

Modern life also presents conveniences that give us choices about activity.

If you can take the escalator or walk up the stairs in a train station, which will you choose?

If you can drive your car versus biking to work or school, what will you decide?

If you can play a video game or take a walk, which will you do?

So in addition to economics, social and behavioural factors contribute to obesity.

In short, we're seeing that as countries develop economically,

people make lifestyle changes that seem like improvements but actually have a negative impact on their health.

So we know obesity is a growing global epidemic.

And we also know from research that any successful obesity treatment program must have a three-level approach.

It must focus on nutrition, lifestyle and strong community support.

So what can and are public health workers doing to respond to this epidemic?

First, for nutrition, people are encouraged to eat more fruits, vegetables and grains, less sugar and fat.

And families are encouraged to have shared meal times, rather than grabbing fast foods throughout the day.

In Finland, for example, officials are addressing the problem of obesity in children by changing the food standards in daycares and schools.

working to reduce access to sugary high-fat snacks and drinks in school vending machines.

In another example, China now has a national healthy eating campaign

that encourages people to eat a more traditional diet and less fast food.

Second, for lifestyle.

We know children need 60 minutes of vigorous physical activity every day.

And for adults at least 30 minutes a day is recommended.

But we also know it doesn't work simply to tell people to be more active.

we have to find ways to include activity into daily routines.

A number of global companies like Genentech and Zappos are now including dance classes and gym sessions during the work day.

And schools in Japan are now implementing new guidelines to be

sure students get a minimum of an hour of physical activity during the school day.

And third, we know that individuals are only likely to change their habits if they have strong group support.

Community-based programs can be set up at a school, at a company, in a neighborhood.

We can see examples of this kind of support happening in Nigeria, where there are neighborhood programs to teach families about nutrition,

or in the US where cities organize programs like Keep Moving or Weight Loss programs.

To sum up, we know obesity is now a global epidemic.

The fact that the rate is increasing, especially for children, is a call to action.

And there are complex economic, social and behavioural factors why people become obese obese.

I'd like you to make a list of five questions you would ask

if you were a public health worker assigned to talk to a family that was obese.

What questions would you ask about their daily habits and lifestyle?

Okay, see you next time.

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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección

Esta lección de conversación de nivel B2 se basa en el vídeo “Contemporary Topics Unit 9 Lecture Video”. Las palabras que más se repiten: obesity, epidemic, obese, lifestyle, activity. Este vídeo tiene 76 frases y 973 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 7:14. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 134 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. El 83 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.

Vocabulario clave de este vídeo

Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:

Palabra	Pronunciación	Significado
obesity sustantivo	/ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/	obesidad, sobrepeso
epidemic sustantivo	/ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk/	epidemia
obese adjetivo	/oʊˈbis/	obeso
infectious adjetivo	/ɪnˈfɛk.ʃəs/	infeccioso, contagioso
economically adverbio	/ˌiː.kəˈnɒm.ɪ.kli/	económicamente
nutrition sustantivo	/njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ən/	nutrición
affluent adjetivo	/ˈæf.lu.ənt/	abundante
affluence sustantivo	/ˈæf.lu.əns/	abundancia, afluencia
classify verbo	/ˈklæs.əˌfaɪ/	clasificar, encasillar
daycare sustantivo	/ˈdeɪkeə(ɹ)/	guardería (infantil), wawawasi
escalator sustantivo	/ˈɛs.kə.leɪ.tɚ/	escalera mecánica, escalera rodante
guideline sustantivo	/ˈɡaɪdˌlaɪn/	directriz, pauta
kilogram sustantivo	/ˈkɪləɡɹæm/	kilogramo, quilogramo
vigorous adjetivo	/ˈvɪɡəɹəs/	vigoroso, viripotente
whopping adjetivo	/ˈ(h)wɑpɪŋ/	enorme, gigante

Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar

Palabra	Significado
point out verbo	señalar, apuntar
sum up verbo	sumar

Frases que vale la pena repetir

Frases cortas y completas del vídeo que puedes reutilizar en la conversación diaria:

We're seeing a social or cultural shift.
We're also seeing a behavioral shift.
What questions would you ask about their daily habits and lifestyle?

Gramática en este vídeo

Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:

Estructura	En el vídeo
Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace	is considered · are considered · was considered
Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosa	obesity, which is · epidemic, which are · ones who could

Pronunciación a tener en cuenta

El hablante usa 8 contracciones y formas reducidas, como we're, doesn't, I'd. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.

Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: infectious /ɪnˈfɛk.ʃəs/, nutrition /njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, leisurely /ˈliʒɚli/, sharply /ˈʃɑɹpli/, leisure /ˈlɛʒə(ɹ)/
Palabras largas — cuida el acento: obesity /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/, epidemic /ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk/, economically /ˌiː.kəˈnɒm.ɪ.kli/, escalator /ˈɛs.kə.leɪ.tɚ/, hepatitis /ˌhɛpəˈtaɪ̯tɪs/

Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:

s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: standpoint /ˈstændpɔɪnt/, snack /snæk/, stairs /ˈstɛɹz/
/v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: behavioural /bɪˈheɪvjɚəl/, vigorous /ˈvɪɡəɹəs/, inexpensive /ˌɪnɪkˈspɛnsɪv/, overweight /ˌoʊvɚˈweɪt/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/
/z/ — sonora, no /s/: organize /ˈɔɹɡənaɪz/, surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/, nowadays /ˈnaʊ.ə.deɪz/, stairs /ˈstɛɹz/

Cómo practicar con este vídeo

Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como obesity, epidemic, obese.

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.

Técnica de shadowing: lee la guía completa paso a paso →

Shadowing Practice: Contemporary Topics Unit 9 Lecture Video - Learn English Speaking with Video

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