シャドーイング練習: Contemporary Topics Unit 9 Lecture Video - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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Today, we're going to look at a relatively new global epidemic.

Now, when most people hear the word epidemic, they think of an infectious disease that spreads quickly, like hepatitis or Ebola.

However, infectious diseases are just one type of epidemic.

Today we're going to talk about another kind of epidemic, one that is non-infectious.

This is the epidemic of obesity, which is now officially a global health problem.

Obesity is a health condition in which a person has an excess amount of body fat.

The World Health Organization, also known as the WHO, measures obesity by Body Mass Index or BMI.

The formula for calculating your BMI is your body weight in kilograms divided by your height in meters squared.

An adult BMI of 18.5 to 25 is considered normal, 30 and up is considered obese.

According to the WHO, worldwide obesity has more than doubled in the past 35 years.

Today, approximately 600 million adults are considered obese, and obesity in children has increased sharply.

One of the countries with the highest percentage of obese people is the United States, with a whopping 33% according to the National Institutes of Health.

That's probably no surprise because the US, like the UK and Japan, is a developed country.

But what's important to point out is

that the number of individuals classified as obese is now increasing at a faster rate in economically developing countries like Brazil,

China and India.

And surprisingly, the rate of increase for children in these economically developing countries is 30% greater than in developed countries.

So that's what's going on.

The world is putting on weight at an alarming rate.

Today we want to look at the causes of this new epidemic, which are economic, social and behavioural.

From an economic standpoint, something has clearly changed.

In the past, obesity was considered a disease of affluence.

This means that typically only affluent people became obese.

Why?

Because wealthy people were the ones who could afford to eat lots of rich foods

and enjoy the leisurely kinds of lifestyles that led to being overweight.

Nowadays, obesity is no longer just the disease of the affluent.

Increasingly, we're witnessing the occurrence of obesity all over the world with middle and low income people.

Why?

Because more and more people are adopting a modern lifestyle.

Increased use of technology for work and leisure, less physical activity, greater use of cars,

growing access to inexpensive, high-fat, high-sugar fast food.

But there's something else going on here.

We're seeing a social or cultural shift.

The food people prefer is changing.

We now see fast food replacing traditional food in many parts of the world.

We're also seeing a behavioral shift.

The role of food is changing.

Food is being used as entertainment, as a stress release.

We all have easy access to sweet and fatty foods and drinks.

Modern life also presents conveniences that give us choices about activity.

If you can take the escalator or walk up the stairs in a train station, which will you choose?

If you can drive your car versus biking to work or school, what will you decide?

If you can play a video game or take a walk, which will you do?

So in addition to economics, social and behavioural factors contribute to obesity.

In short, we're seeing that as countries develop economically,

people make lifestyle changes that seem like improvements but actually have a negative impact on their health.

So we know obesity is a growing global epidemic.

And we also know from research that any successful obesity treatment program must have a three-level approach.

It must focus on nutrition, lifestyle and strong community support.

So what can and are public health workers doing to respond to this epidemic?

First, for nutrition, people are encouraged to eat more fruits, vegetables and grains, less sugar and fat.

And families are encouraged to have shared meal times, rather than grabbing fast foods throughout the day.

In Finland, for example, officials are addressing the problem of obesity in children by changing the food standards in daycares and schools.

working to reduce access to sugary high-fat snacks and drinks in school vending machines.

In another example, China now has a national healthy eating campaign

that encourages people to eat a more traditional diet and less fast food.

Second, for lifestyle.

We know children need 60 minutes of vigorous physical activity every day.

And for adults at least 30 minutes a day is recommended.

But we also know it doesn't work simply to tell people to be more active.

we have to find ways to include activity into daily routines.

A number of global companies like Genentech and Zappos are now including dance classes and gym sessions during the work day.

And schools in Japan are now implementing new guidelines to be

sure students get a minimum of an hour of physical activity during the school day.

And third, we know that individuals are only likely to change their habits if they have strong group support.

Community-based programs can be set up at a school, at a company, in a neighborhood.

We can see examples of this kind of support happening in Nigeria, where there are neighborhood programs to teach families about nutrition,

or in the US where cities organize programs like Keep Moving or Weight Loss programs.

To sum up, we know obesity is now a global epidemic.

The fact that the rate is increasing, especially for children, is a call to action.

And there are complex economic, social and behavioural factors why people become obese obese.

I'd like you to make a list of five questions you would ask

if you were a public health worker assigned to talk to a family that was obese.

What questions would you ask about their daily habits and lifestyle?

Okay, see you next time.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このB2レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Contemporary Topics Unit 9 Lecture Video」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：obesity, epidemic, obese, lifestyle, activity。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が76文、単語が973語あります。音声の長さは7:14です。話す速さは1分あたり約134語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。単語の83%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。

この動画の重要語彙

動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
obesity 名詞	/ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/	肥満, 肥大
epidemic 名詞	/ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk/	疫, 疫病
obese 形容詞	/oʊˈbis/	肥満
infectious 形容詞	/ɪnˈfɛk.ʃəs/	感染性
nutrition 名詞	/njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ən/	営養, 栄養
affluent 形容詞	/ˈæf.lu.ənt/	裕福
affluence 名詞	/ˈæf.lu.əns/	裕福
classify 動詞	/ˈklæs.əˌfaɪ/	分類する
escalator 名詞	/ˈɛs.kə.leɪ.tɚ/	エスカレーター
guideline 名詞	/ˈɡaɪdˌlaɪn/	指針, ガイドライン
kilogram 名詞	/ˈkɪləɡɹæm/	キログラム, キロ
vigorous 形容詞	/ˈvɪɡəɹəs/	精力的
hepatitis 名詞	/ˌhɛpəˈtaɪ̯tɪs/	肝炎
inexpensive 形容詞	/ˌɪnɪkˈspɛnsɪv/	安価な, 廉価な
standpoint 名詞	/ˈstændpɔɪnt/	観点

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	意味
point out 動詞	指す, 指し示す

繰り返し練習したい文

動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。

We're seeing a social or cultural shift.
We're also seeing a behavioral shift.
What questions would you ask about their daily habits and lifestyle?

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	is considered · are considered · was considered
関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える	obesity, which is · epidemic, which are · ones who could

注意したい発音

話し手はwe're, doesn't, I'dなど、短縮形や弱形を8回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「sh」と「zh」の音: infectious /ɪnˈfɛk.ʃəs/, nutrition /njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, leisurely /ˈliʒɚli/, sharply /ˈʃɑɹpli/, leisure /ˈlɛʒə(ɹ)/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: obesity /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/, epidemic /ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk/, economically /ˌiː.kəˈnɒm.ɪ.kli/, escalator /ˈɛs.kə.leɪ.tɚ/, hepatitis /ˌhɛpəˈtaɪ̯tɪs/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: kilogram /ˈkɪləɡɹæm/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/, sharply /ˈʃɑɹpli/, leisure /ˈlɛʒə(ɹ)/, surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: behavioural /bɪˈheɪvjɚəl/, vigorous /ˈvɪɡəɹəs/, inexpensive /ˌɪnɪkˈspɛnsɪv/, overweight /ˌoʊvɚˈweɪt/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: infectious /ɪnˈfɛk.ʃəs/, affluent /ˈæf.lu.ənt/, affluence /ˈæf.lu.əns/, classify /ˈklæs.əˌfaɪ/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。obesity, epidemic, obeseなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: Contemporary Topics Unit 9 Lecture Video - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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