跟讀練習: Contemporary Topics Unit 9 Lecture Video - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Today, we're going to look at a relatively new global epidemic.

Now, when most people hear the word epidemic, they think of an infectious disease that spreads quickly, like hepatitis or Ebola.

However, infectious diseases are just one type of epidemic.

Today we're going to talk about another kind of epidemic, one that is non-infectious.

This is the epidemic of obesity, which is now officially a global health problem.

Obesity is a health condition in which a person has an excess amount of body fat.

The World Health Organization, also known as the WHO, measures obesity by Body Mass Index or BMI.

The formula for calculating your BMI is your body weight in kilograms divided by your height in meters squared.

An adult BMI of 18.5 to 25 is considered normal, 30 and up is considered obese.

According to the WHO, worldwide obesity has more than doubled in the past 35 years.

Today, approximately 600 million adults are considered obese, and obesity in children has increased sharply.

One of the countries with the highest percentage of obese people is the United States, with a whopping 33% according to the National Institutes of Health.

That's probably no surprise because the US, like the UK and Japan, is a developed country.

But what's important to point out is

that the number of individuals classified as obese is now increasing at a faster rate in economically developing countries like Brazil,

China and India.

And surprisingly, the rate of increase for children in these economically developing countries is 30% greater than in developed countries.

So that's what's going on.

The world is putting on weight at an alarming rate.

Today we want to look at the causes of this new epidemic, which are economic, social and behavioural.

From an economic standpoint, something has clearly changed.

In the past, obesity was considered a disease of affluence.

This means that typically only affluent people became obese.

Why?

Because wealthy people were the ones who could afford to eat lots of rich foods

and enjoy the leisurely kinds of lifestyles that led to being overweight.

Nowadays, obesity is no longer just the disease of the affluent.

Increasingly, we're witnessing the occurrence of obesity all over the world with middle and low income people.

Why?

Because more and more people are adopting a modern lifestyle.

Increased use of technology for work and leisure, less physical activity, greater use of cars,

growing access to inexpensive, high-fat, high-sugar fast food.

But there's something else going on here.

We're seeing a social or cultural shift.

The food people prefer is changing.

We now see fast food replacing traditional food in many parts of the world.

We're also seeing a behavioral shift.

The role of food is changing.

Food is being used as entertainment, as a stress release.

We all have easy access to sweet and fatty foods and drinks.

Modern life also presents conveniences that give us choices about activity.

If you can take the escalator or walk up the stairs in a train station, which will you choose?

If you can drive your car versus biking to work or school, what will you decide?

If you can play a video game or take a walk, which will you do?

So in addition to economics, social and behavioural factors contribute to obesity.

In short, we're seeing that as countries develop economically,

people make lifestyle changes that seem like improvements but actually have a negative impact on their health.

So we know obesity is a growing global epidemic.

And we also know from research that any successful obesity treatment program must have a three-level approach.

It must focus on nutrition, lifestyle and strong community support.

So what can and are public health workers doing to respond to this epidemic?

First, for nutrition, people are encouraged to eat more fruits, vegetables and grains, less sugar and fat.

And families are encouraged to have shared meal times, rather than grabbing fast foods throughout the day.

In Finland, for example, officials are addressing the problem of obesity in children by changing the food standards in daycares and schools.

working to reduce access to sugary high-fat snacks and drinks in school vending machines.

In another example, China now has a national healthy eating campaign

that encourages people to eat a more traditional diet and less fast food.

Second, for lifestyle.

We know children need 60 minutes of vigorous physical activity every day.

And for adults at least 30 minutes a day is recommended.

But we also know it doesn't work simply to tell people to be more active.

we have to find ways to include activity into daily routines.

A number of global companies like Genentech and Zappos are now including dance classes and gym sessions during the work day.

And schools in Japan are now implementing new guidelines to be

sure students get a minimum of an hour of physical activity during the school day.

And third, we know that individuals are only likely to change their habits if they have strong group support.

Community-based programs can be set up at a school, at a company, in a neighborhood.

We can see examples of this kind of support happening in Nigeria, where there are neighborhood programs to teach families about nutrition,

or in the US where cities organize programs like Keep Moving or Weight Loss programs.

To sum up, we know obesity is now a global epidemic.

The fact that the rate is increasing, especially for children, is a call to action.

And there are complex economic, social and behavioural factors why people become obese obese.

I'd like you to make a list of five questions you would ask

if you were a public health worker assigned to talk to a family that was obese.

What questions would you ask about their daily habits and lifestyle?

Okay, see you next time.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節 B2 級別的口語課以影片“Contemporary Topics Unit 9 Lecture Video”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：obesity, epidemic, obese, lifestyle, activity。這段影片共有 76 個句子、973 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 7:14。說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 134 個詞，很適合跟讀。 83% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
obesity 名詞	/ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/	肥胖, 肥胖症
epidemic 名詞	/ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk/	流行病, 瘟疫
obese 形容詞	/oʊˈbis/	肥胖
nutrition 名詞	/njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ən/	營養 /營養
affluent 形容詞	/ˈæf.lu.ənt/	豐富 /豐富, 豐裕 /豐裕
affluence 名詞	/ˈæf.lu.əns/	富裕, 富足
classify 動詞	/ˈklæs.əˌfaɪ/	分類 /分類, 分等
daycare 名詞	/ˈdeɪkeə(ɹ)/	日托, 半托
escalator 名詞	/ˈɛs.kə.leɪ.tɚ/	自動扶梯 /自動扶梯, 電動扶梯 /電動扶梯
guideline 名詞	/ˈɡaɪdˌlaɪn/	指導 /指導, 指示
kilogram 名詞	/ˈkɪləɡɹæm/	千克, 公斤
leisurely 副詞	/ˈliʒɚli/	從容地 /從容地
vigorous 形容詞	/ˈvɪɡəɹəs/	剛勁 /剛勁, 精力充沛的
hepatitis 名詞	/ˌhɛpəˈtaɪ̯tɪs/	肝炎
inexpensive 形容詞	/ˌɪnɪkˈspɛnsɪv/	低廉, 便宜

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	釋義
point out 動詞	指, 指出

值得反覆跟讀的句子

影片中簡短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常對話裡：

We're seeing a social or cultural shift.
We're also seeing a behavioral shift.
What questions would you ask about their daily habits and lifestyle?

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	is considered · are considered · was considered
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	obesity, which is · epidemic, which are · ones who could

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 8 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 we're, doesn't, I'd。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: infectious /ɪnˈfɛk.ʃəs/, nutrition /njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, leisurely /ˈliʒɚli/, sharply /ˈʃɑɹpli/, leisure /ˈlɛʒə(ɹ)/
長單詞——注意重音位置: obesity /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/, epidemic /ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk/, economically /ˌiː.kəˈnɒm.ɪ.kli/, escalator /ˈɛs.kə.leɪ.tɚ/, hepatitis /ˌhɛpəˈtaɪ̯tɪs/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: behavioural /bɪˈheɪvjɚəl/, vigorous /ˈvɪɡəɹəs/, inexpensive /ˌɪnɪkˈspɛnsɪv/, overweight /ˌoʊvɚˈweɪt/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: epidemic /ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk/, obese /oʊˈbis/, infectious /ɪnˈfɛk.ʃəs/, affluent /ˈæf.lu.ənt/, affluence /ˈæf.lu.əns/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: kilogram /ˈkɪləɡɹæm/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/, sharply /ˈʃɑɹpli/, leisure /ˈlɛʒə(ɹ)/, surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 obesity, epidemic, obese 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Contemporary Topics Unit 9 Lecture Video - 通過影片學習英語口語

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