跟读练习: Contemporary Topics Unit 9 Lecture Video - 通过视频学习英语口语

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Today, we're going to look at a relatively new global epidemic.

Now, when most people hear the word epidemic, they think of an infectious disease that spreads quickly, like hepatitis or Ebola.

However, infectious diseases are just one type of epidemic.

Today we're going to talk about another kind of epidemic, one that is non-infectious.

This is the epidemic of obesity, which is now officially a global health problem.

Obesity is a health condition in which a person has an excess amount of body fat.

The World Health Organization, also known as the WHO, measures obesity by Body Mass Index or BMI.

The formula for calculating your BMI is your body weight in kilograms divided by your height in meters squared.

An adult BMI of 18.5 to 25 is considered normal, 30 and up is considered obese.

According to the WHO, worldwide obesity has more than doubled in the past 35 years.

Today, approximately 600 million adults are considered obese, and obesity in children has increased sharply.

One of the countries with the highest percentage of obese people is the United States, with a whopping 33% according to the National Institutes of Health.

That's probably no surprise because the US, like the UK and Japan, is a developed country.

But what's important to point out is

that the number of individuals classified as obese is now increasing at a faster rate in economically developing countries like Brazil,

China and India.

And surprisingly, the rate of increase for children in these economically developing countries is 30% greater than in developed countries.

So that's what's going on.

The world is putting on weight at an alarming rate.

Today we want to look at the causes of this new epidemic, which are economic, social and behavioural.

From an economic standpoint, something has clearly changed.

In the past, obesity was considered a disease of affluence.

This means that typically only affluent people became obese.

Why?

Because wealthy people were the ones who could afford to eat lots of rich foods

and enjoy the leisurely kinds of lifestyles that led to being overweight.

Nowadays, obesity is no longer just the disease of the affluent.

Increasingly, we're witnessing the occurrence of obesity all over the world with middle and low income people.

Why?

Because more and more people are adopting a modern lifestyle.

Increased use of technology for work and leisure, less physical activity, greater use of cars,

growing access to inexpensive, high-fat, high-sugar fast food.

But there's something else going on here.

We're seeing a social or cultural shift.

The food people prefer is changing.

We now see fast food replacing traditional food in many parts of the world.

We're also seeing a behavioral shift.

The role of food is changing.

Food is being used as entertainment, as a stress release.

We all have easy access to sweet and fatty foods and drinks.

Modern life also presents conveniences that give us choices about activity.

If you can take the escalator or walk up the stairs in a train station, which will you choose?

If you can drive your car versus biking to work or school, what will you decide?

If you can play a video game or take a walk, which will you do?

So in addition to economics, social and behavioural factors contribute to obesity.

In short, we're seeing that as countries develop economically,

people make lifestyle changes that seem like improvements but actually have a negative impact on their health.

So we know obesity is a growing global epidemic.

And we also know from research that any successful obesity treatment program must have a three-level approach.

It must focus on nutrition, lifestyle and strong community support.

So what can and are public health workers doing to respond to this epidemic?

First, for nutrition, people are encouraged to eat more fruits, vegetables and grains, less sugar and fat.

And families are encouraged to have shared meal times, rather than grabbing fast foods throughout the day.

In Finland, for example, officials are addressing the problem of obesity in children by changing the food standards in daycares and schools.

working to reduce access to sugary high-fat snacks and drinks in school vending machines.

In another example, China now has a national healthy eating campaign

that encourages people to eat a more traditional diet and less fast food.

Second, for lifestyle.

We know children need 60 minutes of vigorous physical activity every day.

And for adults at least 30 minutes a day is recommended.

But we also know it doesn't work simply to tell people to be more active.

we have to find ways to include activity into daily routines.

A number of global companies like Genentech and Zappos are now including dance classes and gym sessions during the work day.

And schools in Japan are now implementing new guidelines to be

sure students get a minimum of an hour of physical activity during the school day.

And third, we know that individuals are only likely to change their habits if they have strong group support.

Community-based programs can be set up at a school, at a company, in a neighborhood.

We can see examples of this kind of support happening in Nigeria, where there are neighborhood programs to teach families about nutrition,

or in the US where cities organize programs like Keep Moving or Weight Loss programs.

To sum up, we know obesity is now a global epidemic.

The fact that the rate is increasing, especially for children, is a call to action.

And there are complex economic, social and behavioural factors why people become obese obese.

I'd like you to make a list of five questions you would ask

if you were a public health worker assigned to talk to a family that was obese.

What questions would you ask about their daily habits and lifestyle?

Okay, see you next time.

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节 B2 级别的口语课以视频“Contemporary Topics Unit 9 Lecture Video”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：obesity, epidemic, obese, lifestyle, activity。这段视频共有 76 个句子、973 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 7:14。说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 134 个词，很适合跟读。 83% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
obesity 名词	/ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/	肥胖, 肥胖症
epidemic 名词	/ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk/	流行病, 瘟疫
obese 形容词	/oʊˈbis/	肥胖
nutrition 名词	/njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ən/	營養 /营养
affluent 形容词	/ˈæf.lu.ənt/	豐富 /丰富, 豐裕 /丰裕
affluence 名词	/ˈæf.lu.əns/	富裕, 富足
classify 动词	/ˈklæs.əˌfaɪ/	分類 /分类, 分等
daycare 名词	/ˈdeɪkeə(ɹ)/	日托, 半托
escalator 名词	/ˈɛs.kə.leɪ.tɚ/	自動扶梯 /自动扶梯, 電動扶梯 /电动扶梯
guideline 名词	/ˈɡaɪdˌlaɪn/	指導 /指导, 指示
kilogram 名词	/ˈkɪləɡɹæm/	千克, 公斤
leisurely 副词	/ˈliʒɚli/	從容地 /从容地
vigorous 形容词	/ˈvɪɡəɹəs/	剛勁 /刚劲, 精力充沛的
hepatitis 名词	/ˌhɛpəˈtaɪ̯tɪs/	肝炎
inexpensive 形容词	/ˌɪnɪkˈspɛnsɪv/	低廉, 便宜

视频中出现的短语动词

单词	释义
point out 动词	指, 指出

值得反复跟读的句子

视频中简短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常对话里：

We're seeing a social or cultural shift.
We're also seeing a behavioral shift.
What questions would you ask about their daily habits and lifestyle?

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	is considered · are considered · was considered
定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物	obesity, which is · epidemic, which are · ones who could

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 8 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 we're, doesn't, I'd。请按听到的简短形式来说。

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: infectious /ɪnˈfɛk.ʃəs/, nutrition /njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, leisurely /ˈliʒɚli/, sharply /ˈʃɑɹpli/, leisure /ˈlɛʒə(ɹ)/
长单词——注意重音位置: obesity /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/, epidemic /ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk/, economically /ˌiː.kəˈnɒm.ɪ.kli/, escalator /ˈɛs.kə.leɪ.tɚ/, hepatitis /ˌhɛpəˈtaɪ̯tɪs/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: behavioural /bɪˈheɪvjɚəl/, vigorous /ˈvɪɡəɹəs/, inexpensive /ˌɪnɪkˈspɛnsɪv/, overweight /ˌoʊvɚˈweɪt/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: epidemic /ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk/, obese /oʊˈbis/, infectious /ɪnˈfɛk.ʃəs/, affluent /ˈæf.lu.ənt/, affluence /ˈæf.lu.əns/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: kilogram /ˈkɪləɡɹæm/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/, sharply /ˈʃɑɹpli/, leisure /ˈlɛʒə(ɹ)/, surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 obesity, epidemic, obese 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: Contemporary Topics Unit 9 Lecture Video - 通过视频学习英语口语

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