Pratica di Shadowing: Contemporary Topics Unit 9 Lecture Video - Impara a parlare inglese con i video

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Today, we're going to look at a relatively new global epidemic.

Now, when most people hear the word epidemic, they think of an infectious disease that spreads quickly, like hepatitis or Ebola.

However, infectious diseases are just one type of epidemic.

Today we're going to talk about another kind of epidemic, one that is non-infectious.

This is the epidemic of obesity, which is now officially a global health problem.

Obesity is a health condition in which a person has an excess amount of body fat.

The World Health Organization, also known as the WHO, measures obesity by Body Mass Index or BMI.

The formula for calculating your BMI is your body weight in kilograms divided by your height in meters squared.

An adult BMI of 18.5 to 25 is considered normal, 30 and up is considered obese.

According to the WHO, worldwide obesity has more than doubled in the past 35 years.

Today, approximately 600 million adults are considered obese, and obesity in children has increased sharply.

One of the countries with the highest percentage of obese people is the United States, with a whopping 33% according to the National Institutes of Health.

That's probably no surprise because the US, like the UK and Japan, is a developed country.

But what's important to point out is

that the number of individuals classified as obese is now increasing at a faster rate in economically developing countries like Brazil,

China and India.

And surprisingly, the rate of increase for children in these economically developing countries is 30% greater than in developed countries.

So that's what's going on.

The world is putting on weight at an alarming rate.

Today we want to look at the causes of this new epidemic, which are economic, social and behavioural.

From an economic standpoint, something has clearly changed.

In the past, obesity was considered a disease of affluence.

This means that typically only affluent people became obese.

Why?

Because wealthy people were the ones who could afford to eat lots of rich foods

and enjoy the leisurely kinds of lifestyles that led to being overweight.

Nowadays, obesity is no longer just the disease of the affluent.

Increasingly, we're witnessing the occurrence of obesity all over the world with middle and low income people.

Why?

Because more and more people are adopting a modern lifestyle.

Increased use of technology for work and leisure, less physical activity, greater use of cars,

growing access to inexpensive, high-fat, high-sugar fast food.

But there's something else going on here.

We're seeing a social or cultural shift.

The food people prefer is changing.

We now see fast food replacing traditional food in many parts of the world.

We're also seeing a behavioral shift.

The role of food is changing.

Food is being used as entertainment, as a stress release.

We all have easy access to sweet and fatty foods and drinks.

Modern life also presents conveniences that give us choices about activity.

If you can take the escalator or walk up the stairs in a train station, which will you choose?

If you can drive your car versus biking to work or school, what will you decide?

If you can play a video game or take a walk, which will you do?

So in addition to economics, social and behavioural factors contribute to obesity.

In short, we're seeing that as countries develop economically,

people make lifestyle changes that seem like improvements but actually have a negative impact on their health.

So we know obesity is a growing global epidemic.

And we also know from research that any successful obesity treatment program must have a three-level approach.

It must focus on nutrition, lifestyle and strong community support.

So what can and are public health workers doing to respond to this epidemic?

First, for nutrition, people are encouraged to eat more fruits, vegetables and grains, less sugar and fat.

And families are encouraged to have shared meal times, rather than grabbing fast foods throughout the day.

In Finland, for example, officials are addressing the problem of obesity in children by changing the food standards in daycares and schools.

working to reduce access to sugary high-fat snacks and drinks in school vending machines.

In another example, China now has a national healthy eating campaign

that encourages people to eat a more traditional diet and less fast food.

Second, for lifestyle.

We know children need 60 minutes of vigorous physical activity every day.

And for adults at least 30 minutes a day is recommended.

But we also know it doesn't work simply to tell people to be more active.

we have to find ways to include activity into daily routines.

A number of global companies like Genentech and Zappos are now including dance classes and gym sessions during the work day.

And schools in Japan are now implementing new guidelines to be

sure students get a minimum of an hour of physical activity during the school day.

And third, we know that individuals are only likely to change their habits if they have strong group support.

Community-based programs can be set up at a school, at a company, in a neighborhood.

We can see examples of this kind of support happening in Nigeria, where there are neighborhood programs to teach families about nutrition,

or in the US where cities organize programs like Keep Moving or Weight Loss programs.

To sum up, we know obesity is now a global epidemic.

The fact that the rate is increasing, especially for children, is a call to action.

And there are complex economic, social and behavioural factors why people become obese obese.

I'd like you to make a list of five questions you would ask

if you were a public health worker assigned to talk to a family that was obese.

What questions would you ask about their daily habits and lifestyle?

Okay, see you next time.

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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione

Questa lezione di conversazione di livello B2 si basa sul video “Contemporary Topics Unit 9 Lecture Video”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: obesity, epidemic, obese, lifestyle, activity. Questo video contiene 76 frasi e 973 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 7:14. Chi parla mantiene un ritmo costante di circa 134 parole al minuto, comodo per lo shadowing. Il 83% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese; conviene studiare le altre prima di iniziare.

Vocaboli chiave di questo video

Le 15 parole più avanzate del video, con pronuncia e significato:

Parola	Pronuncia	Significato
obesity sostantivo	/ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/	obesità
epidemic sostantivo	/ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk/	epidemia
obese aggettivo	/oʊˈbis/	obeso corpulento
infectious aggettivo	/ɪnˈfɛk.ʃəs/	infettivo, contagioso
nutrition sostantivo	/njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ən/	nutrizione
affluence sostantivo	/ˈæf.lu.əns/	ricchezza, opulenza
escalator sostantivo	/ˈɛs.kə.leɪ.tɚ/	scala mobile
guideline sostantivo	/ˈɡaɪdˌlaɪn/	linea guida, direttiva
kilogram sostantivo	/ˈkɪləɡɹæm/	chilogrammo, chilo
vigorous aggettivo	/ˈvɪɡəɹəs/	vigoroso
whopping aggettivo	/ˈ(h)wɑpɪŋ/	enorme
hepatitis sostantivo	/ˌhɛpəˈtaɪ̯tɪs/	epatite
inexpensive aggettivo	/ˌɪnɪkˈspɛnsɪv/	economico
standpoint sostantivo	/ˈstændpɔɪnt/	punto di vista
assign verbo	/əˈsaɪn/	assegnare, accantonare

I phrasal verb che sentirai

Parola	Significato
point out verbo	additare

Frasi da ripetere

Frasi brevi e complete del video che puoi riutilizzare nella conversazione di tutti i giorni:

We're seeing a social or cultural shift.
We're also seeing a behavioral shift.
What questions would you ask about their daily habits and lifestyle?

La grammatica di questo video

Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:

Struttura	Nel video
Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa	is considered · are considered · was considered
Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosa	obesity, which is · epidemic, which are · ones who could

Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione

Chi parla usa 8 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come we're, doesn't, I'd. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.

I suoni “sh” e “zh”: infectious /ɪnˈfɛk.ʃəs/, nutrition /njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, leisurely /ˈliʒɚli/, sharply /ˈʃɑɹpli/, leisure /ˈlɛʒə(ɹ)/
Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: obesity /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/, epidemic /ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk/, economically /ˌiː.kəˈnɒm.ɪ.kli/, escalator /ˈɛs.kə.leɪ.tɚ/, hepatitis /ˌhɛpəˈtaɪ̯tɪs/

I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:

/h/ — va soffiata, non è muta: behavioural /bɪˈheɪvjɚəl/, whopping /ˈ(h)wɑpɪŋ/, hepatitis /ˌhɛpəˈtaɪ̯tɪs/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/
Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: epidemic /ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk/, obese /oʊˈbis/, infectious /ɪnˈfɛk.ʃəs/, affluent /ˈæf.lu.ənt/, affluence /ˈæf.lu.əns/
/æ/ — più aperta della “e”: affluent /ˈæf.lu.ənt/, affluence /ˈæf.lu.əns/, classify /ˈklæs.əˌfaɪ/, kilogram /ˈkɪləɡɹæm/, standpoint /ˈstændpɔɪnt/

Come esercitarsi con questo video

Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
Fai shadowing frase per frase a velocità normale, ripetendo ognuna finché il tuo ritmo coincide con quello di chi parla.
Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come obesity, epidemic, obese.

Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?

Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.

Tecnica dello shadowing: leggi la guida completa passo dopo passo →

Pratica di Shadowing: Contemporary Topics Unit 9 Lecture Video - Impara a parlare inglese con i video

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