शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Contemporary Topics Unit 9 Lecture Video - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

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Today, we're going to look at a relatively new global epidemic.

Now, when most people hear the word epidemic, they think of an infectious disease that spreads quickly, like hepatitis or Ebola.

However, infectious diseases are just one type of epidemic.

Today we're going to talk about another kind of epidemic, one that is non-infectious.

This is the epidemic of obesity, which is now officially a global health problem.

Obesity is a health condition in which a person has an excess amount of body fat.

The World Health Organization, also known as the WHO, measures obesity by Body Mass Index or BMI.

The formula for calculating your BMI is your body weight in kilograms divided by your height in meters squared.

An adult BMI of 18.5 to 25 is considered normal, 30 and up is considered obese.

According to the WHO, worldwide obesity has more than doubled in the past 35 years.

Today, approximately 600 million adults are considered obese, and obesity in children has increased sharply.

One of the countries with the highest percentage of obese people is the United States, with a whopping 33% according to the National Institutes of Health.

That's probably no surprise because the US, like the UK and Japan, is a developed country.

But what's important to point out is

that the number of individuals classified as obese is now increasing at a faster rate in economically developing countries like Brazil,

China and India.

And surprisingly, the rate of increase for children in these economically developing countries is 30% greater than in developed countries.

So that's what's going on.

The world is putting on weight at an alarming rate.

Today we want to look at the causes of this new epidemic, which are economic, social and behavioural.

From an economic standpoint, something has clearly changed.

In the past, obesity was considered a disease of affluence.

This means that typically only affluent people became obese.

Why?

Because wealthy people were the ones who could afford to eat lots of rich foods

and enjoy the leisurely kinds of lifestyles that led to being overweight.

Nowadays, obesity is no longer just the disease of the affluent.

Increasingly, we're witnessing the occurrence of obesity all over the world with middle and low income people.

Why?

Because more and more people are adopting a modern lifestyle.

Increased use of technology for work and leisure, less physical activity, greater use of cars,

growing access to inexpensive, high-fat, high-sugar fast food.

But there's something else going on here.

We're seeing a social or cultural shift.

The food people prefer is changing.

We now see fast food replacing traditional food in many parts of the world.

We're also seeing a behavioral shift.

The role of food is changing.

Food is being used as entertainment, as a stress release.

We all have easy access to sweet and fatty foods and drinks.

Modern life also presents conveniences that give us choices about activity.

If you can take the escalator or walk up the stairs in a train station, which will you choose?

If you can drive your car versus biking to work or school, what will you decide?

If you can play a video game or take a walk, which will you do?

So in addition to economics, social and behavioural factors contribute to obesity.

In short, we're seeing that as countries develop economically,

people make lifestyle changes that seem like improvements but actually have a negative impact on their health.

So we know obesity is a growing global epidemic.

And we also know from research that any successful obesity treatment program must have a three-level approach.

It must focus on nutrition, lifestyle and strong community support.

So what can and are public health workers doing to respond to this epidemic?

First, for nutrition, people are encouraged to eat more fruits, vegetables and grains, less sugar and fat.

And families are encouraged to have shared meal times, rather than grabbing fast foods throughout the day.

In Finland, for example, officials are addressing the problem of obesity in children by changing the food standards in daycares and schools.

working to reduce access to sugary high-fat snacks and drinks in school vending machines.

In another example, China now has a national healthy eating campaign

that encourages people to eat a more traditional diet and less fast food.

Second, for lifestyle.

We know children need 60 minutes of vigorous physical activity every day.

And for adults at least 30 minutes a day is recommended.

But we also know it doesn't work simply to tell people to be more active.

we have to find ways to include activity into daily routines.

A number of global companies like Genentech and Zappos are now including dance classes and gym sessions during the work day.

And schools in Japan are now implementing new guidelines to be

sure students get a minimum of an hour of physical activity during the school day.

And third, we know that individuals are only likely to change their habits if they have strong group support.

Community-based programs can be set up at a school, at a company, in a neighborhood.

We can see examples of this kind of support happening in Nigeria, where there are neighborhood programs to teach families about nutrition,

or in the US where cities organize programs like Keep Moving or Weight Loss programs.

To sum up, we know obesity is now a global epidemic.

The fact that the rate is increasing, especially for children, is a call to action.

And there are complex economic, social and behavioural factors why people become obese obese.

I'd like you to make a list of five questions you would ask

if you were a public health worker assigned to talk to a family that was obese.

What questions would you ask about their daily habits and lifestyle?

Okay, see you next time.

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अनुशंसित वीडियो

112 वाक्य

इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

यह B2 स्तर का स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “Contemporary Topics Unit 9 Lecture Video” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: obesity, epidemic, obese, lifestyle, activity। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 76 वाक्य और 973 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 7:14 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 134 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्थिर गति से बोलता है, जो शैडोइंग के लिए आरामदायक है। 83% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो के 15 सबसे कठिन शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:

शब्द	उच्चारण	अर्थ
obesity संज्ञा	/ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/	मोटापा
epidemic संज्ञा	/ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk/	महामारी, वबा
infectious विशेषण	/ɪnˈfɛk.ʃəs/	संक्रामक
nutrition संज्ञा	/njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ən/	पोषण, खाद्य
affluence संज्ञा	/ˈæf.lu.əns/	समृद्धि, संपन्नता
escalator संज्ञा	/ˈɛs.kə.leɪ.tɚ/	एस्केलेटर, चलसोपान
kilogram संज्ञा	/ˈkɪləɡɹæm/	किलो, किलोग्राम
vigorous विशेषण	/ˈvɪɡəɹəs/	ज़ोरदार
hepatitis संज्ञा	/ˌhɛpəˈtaɪ̯tɪs/	हेपेटाइटिस
standpoint संज्ञा	/ˈstændpɔɪnt/	नज़र
assign क्रिया	/əˈsaɪn/	निर्दिष्ट, आवंटित करना
occurrence संज्ञा	/əˈkɜɹ.əns/	घटना, परिघटना
calculate क्रिया	/ˈkælkjʊleɪt/	गणना करना, हिसाब रखना
snack संज्ञा	/snæk/	नाश्ता, भाग
leisure संज्ञा	/ˈlɛʒə(ɹ)/	अवकाश, फ़ुर्सत

दोहराने लायक वाक्य

वीडियो के छोटे, पूरे वाक्य जिन्हें आप रोज़ की बातचीत में इस्तेमाल कर सकते हैं:

We're seeing a social or cultural shift.
We're also seeing a behavioral shift.
What questions would you ask about their daily habits and lifestyle?

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:

संरचना	वीडियो में
Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है	is considered · are considered · was considered
Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी	one that is · obesity, which is · epidemic, which are
Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है	has increased · has clearly changed

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

वक्ता 8 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे we're, doesn't, I'd। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।

“sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: infectious /ɪnˈfɛk.ʃəs/, nutrition /njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, leisurely /ˈliʒɚli/, sharply /ˈʃɑɹpli/, leisure /ˈlɛʒə(ɹ)/
लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: obesity /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/, epidemic /ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk/, economically /ˌiː.kəˈnɒm.ɪ.kli/, escalator /ˈɛs.kə.leɪ.tɚ/, hepatitis /ˌhɛpəˈtaɪ̯tɪs/

हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:

/v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: behavioural /bɪˈheɪvjɚəl/, vigorous /ˈvɪɡəɹəs/, whopping /ˈ(h)wɑpɪŋ/, inexpensive /ˌɪnɪkˈspɛnsɪv/, overweight /ˌoʊvɚˈweɪt/
/z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: organize /ˈɔɹɡənaɪz/, surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/, nowadays /ˈnaʊ.ə.deɪz/, stairs /ˈstɛɹz/
शब्द की शुरुआत में s + व्यंजन — पहले “इ” न जोड़ें: standpoint /ˈstændpɔɪnt/, snack /snæk/, stairs /ˈstɛɹz/

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
सामान्य गति पर एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें और हर वाक्य तब तक दोहराएँ जब तक आपकी लय वक्ता से न मिल जाए।
अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर obesity, epidemic, infectious जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग तकनीक: पूरी चरण-दर-चरण गाइड पढ़ें →

शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Contemporary Topics Unit 9 Lecture Video - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

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