Shadowing Practice: The Purpose of Friendship - Learn English Speaking with Video
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1
Friendship should be one of the high points of existence, and yet it's also the most routinely disappointing thing we have to deal with.
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Too often you're at supper at someone's house, there's an impressive spread and the hosts have evidently gone to a lot of trouble.
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But the conversation is meandering and devoid of any real interest.
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It flits from an overlong description of the failings of the
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in-flight service on a particular airline to a strangely heated discussion about the tax code.
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The intentions of the hosts are hugely touching, but as so often, we go home wondering what on earth the whole performance was really about.
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The key to the problem of friendship is to be found in an odd-sounding place, a lack of a sense of purpose.
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Our attempts at friendship tend to go adrift
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because we collectively resist the task of developing a clear picture of what friendship might really be for.
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The The problem is that we're unfairly uncomfortable with the idea of friendship having any declared purpose,
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because we associate purpose with the least attractive and most cynical of motives.
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Yet purpose doesn't have to ruin friendship, and in fact, the more we define what a friendship might be for,
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the more we can focus in on what we should be doing with every person in our lives, or indeed, the more we can helpfully conclude that we shouldn't be with them at all.
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There are at least four things we might be trying to do with the people we know.
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Firstly, networking.
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It's an unfairly maligned idea.
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We're small, fragile creatures in a vast world.
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Our individual capacities are entirely insufficient to realise the demands of our imaginations.
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So of course we need collaborators, accomplices who can align their abilities and energies with ours.
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This idea of friendship was given a lot of space in classical literature.
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Like the Argonauts, the legendary ancient Greek tale
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which traced how a heroic captain called Jason networked in order
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to assemble a band of friends to sail on the Argo in search of the Golden Fleece.
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Later, the same idea emerged
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when Jesus networked to put together a band of twelve disciples with whom he could spread one
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or two world-changing ideas about forgiveness and compassion.
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Rather than diminish our own efforts as we hand out our business cards,
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such prestigious examples can show how elevated and ambitious networking friendships could ideally be.
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Secondly, reassurance.
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The human condition is full of terror.
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We're always on the verge of disgrace, danger and disappointment.
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And yet, such are the rules of polite conduct
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that we're permanently in danger of imagining that we are the only ones to be as crazy as we know we are.
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We badly need friends because with the people we know only superficially, There are few confessions of sexual compulsion or of regret, rage and confusion.
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These superficial acquaintances refuse to admit that they too are going slightly out of their minds.
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Yet the reassuring true friend gives us access to a very necessary and accurate sense of their own humiliations and follies,
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insights with which we can begin to judge ourselves and our sad and compulsive lives slightly more compassionately.
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Thirdly, fun.
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Despite talk of hedonism and immediate gratification, life gives us constant lessons in the need to be serious.
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We have to guard our dignity, avoid looking like a fool and pass as a mature adult.
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The pressure can become onerous and in the end even dangerous.
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That's why we constantly need access to people we can trust enough to be silly with them.
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They might most of the time be training to be a neurosurgeon or advising middle-sized companies about their tax liabilities.
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But when we're together, we can be therapeutically daft.
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We can put on accents, shared lewd fantasies or doodle on the newspaper, adding a huge nose and a missing front tooth to the president,
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or giving the fashion model distended ears and masses of curly hair.
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The fun friend solves the problem of shame around important but unprestigious sides of ourselves.
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Fourthly, clarifying our minds.
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To a surprising degree, it's very hard to think on our own.
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The mind is skittish and squeamish.
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As a result, many Many issues lie confused within us.
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We feel angry but are not sure why.
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Something is wrong with our job but we can't pin it down.
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The thinking friend holds us to the task.
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They ask gentle but probing questions which act as a mirror that assists us with the task of knowing ourselves.
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One side effect of getting a bit more precise about what we're trying to do with our social lives is
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that we're likely to conclude that in many cases we're spending time with people for no truly identifiable good reason.
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These proto-friends share none of our professional ambitions or interests, they aren't reassuring and may indeed be secretly really very excited by the possibility of our failure,
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We can't be cathartically silly around them
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and they aren't in the least bit interested in furthering our or their path to self-knowledge.
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They are, like so many of the people in our social lives,
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simply in our orbit as a result of some unhappy accident that we've been too sentimental to correct.
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We should dare to be a little ruthless in this area.
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Culling acquaintances isn't a sign that we've lost belief in friendship.
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It's evidence that we're starting to get clearer and therefore more demanding about what a friendship could really be.
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In the best way, the price of knowing what friendship is for may be a few more evenings at home in our own company.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel C1 se basa en el vídeo “The Purpose of Friendship”. Las palabras que más se repiten: friendship, purpose, lives. Este vídeo tiene 67 frases y 957 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 5:58. El hablante habla a un ritmo natural de unas 160 palabras por minuto, cercano a una conversación cotidiana. Solo el 79 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| reassure verbo | /ˌɹi.əˈʃʊɹ/ | tranquilizar |
| acquaintance sustantivo | /ʌˈkweɪn.təns/ | amistad, conocimiento |
| conclude verbo | /kənˈkluːd/ | concluir |
| accomplice sustantivo | /əˈkɑm.pləs/ | cómplice |
| adrift adjetivo | /əˈdɹɪft/ | a la deriva |
| collaborator sustantivo | /kəˈlæbəɹeɪtɚ/ | colaborador |
| compulsion sustantivo | /kəmˈpʌlʃən/ | compulsión |
| compulsive adjetivo | /kəmˈpʌlsɪv/ | compulsivo |
| devoid adjetivo | /dɪˈvɔɪd/ | vacío, desprovisto |
| diminish verbo | /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/ | disminuir, diminuir |
| disciple sustantivo | /dɪˈsaɪ.pəl/ | discípulo |
| distend verbo | /dɪˈstɛnd/ | distender, destensar |
| doodle sustantivo | /ˈdud(ə)l/ | garabato, garrapato |
| elevate verbo | /ˈɛləveɪt/ | elevar, levantar |
| fourthly adverbio | /ˈfɔːɹθ.li/ | en cuarto lugar |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| put together verbo | construir, elaborar |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | we've been · we've lost |
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | be found · was given |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 19 contracciones y formas reducidas, como we're, aren't, can't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “th”: fourthly /ˈfɔːɹθ.li/, therapeutically /ˌθɛɹ.əˈpju.tɪk.li/, thirdly /ˈθɚdli/, ruthless /ˈɹuːθləs/, tooth /tuθ/
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: reassure /ˌɹi.əˈʃʊɹ/, compulsion /kəmˈpʌlʃən/, diminish /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/, gratification /ˌɡɹætɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, skittish /ˈskɪtɪʃ/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: collaborator /kəˈlæbəɹeɪtɚ/, gratification /ˌɡɹætɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, hedonism /ˈhiːdənɪzəm/, prototypical /ˌpɹoʊtəˈtɪpɪkəl/, therapeutically /ˌθɛɹ.əˈpju.tɪk.li/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: skittish /ˈskɪtɪʃ/, squeamish /ˈskwiːmɪʃ/, strangely /ˈstɹeɪnd͡ʒli/
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: compulsive /kəmˈpʌlsɪv/, devoid /dɪˈvɔɪd/, elevate /ˈɛləveɪt/, evidently /ˈɛvɪdəntli/, verge /vɜːd͡ʒ/
- /dʒ/ — no es la “y” ni la “ch”: hugely /ˈhjuːd͡ʒli/, verge /vɜːd͡ʒ/, strangely /ˈstɹeɪnd͡ʒli/, prestigious /pɹɛˈstiːd͡ʒəs/, fragile /ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como reassure, acquaintance, conclude.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.