Практика Shadowing: The Purpose of Friendship - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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67 предложений
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1
Friendship should be one of the high points of existence, and yet it's also the most routinely disappointing thing we have to deal with.
2
Too often you're at supper at someone's house, there's an impressive spread and the hosts have evidently gone to a lot of trouble.
3
But the conversation is meandering and devoid of any real interest.
4
It flits from an overlong description of the failings of the
5
in-flight service on a particular airline to a strangely heated discussion about the tax code.
6
The intentions of the hosts are hugely touching, but as so often, we go home wondering what on earth the whole performance was really about.
7
The key to the problem of friendship is to be found in an odd-sounding place, a lack of a sense of purpose.
8
Our attempts at friendship tend to go adrift
9
because we collectively resist the task of developing a clear picture of what friendship might really be for.
10
The The problem is that we're unfairly uncomfortable with the idea of friendship having any declared purpose,
11
because we associate purpose with the least attractive and most cynical of motives.
12
Yet purpose doesn't have to ruin friendship, and in fact, the more we define what a friendship might be for,
13
the more we can focus in on what we should be doing with every person in our lives, or indeed, the more we can helpfully conclude that we shouldn't be with them at all.
14
There are at least four things we might be trying to do with the people we know.
15
Firstly, networking.
16
It's an unfairly maligned idea.
17
We're small, fragile creatures in a vast world.
18
Our individual capacities are entirely insufficient to realise the demands of our imaginations.
19
So of course we need collaborators, accomplices who can align their abilities and energies with ours.
20
This idea of friendship was given a lot of space in classical literature.
21
Like the Argonauts, the legendary ancient Greek tale
22
which traced how a heroic captain called Jason networked in order
23
to assemble a band of friends to sail on the Argo in search of the Golden Fleece.
24
Later, the same idea emerged
25
when Jesus networked to put together a band of twelve disciples with whom he could spread one
26
or two world-changing ideas about forgiveness and compassion.
27
Rather than diminish our own efforts as we hand out our business cards,
28
such prestigious examples can show how elevated and ambitious networking friendships could ideally be.
29
Secondly, reassurance.
30
The human condition is full of terror.
31
We're always on the verge of disgrace, danger and disappointment.
32
And yet, such are the rules of polite conduct
33
that we're permanently in danger of imagining that we are the only ones to be as crazy as we know we are.
34
We badly need friends because with the people we know only superficially, There are few confessions of sexual compulsion or of regret, rage and confusion.
35
These superficial acquaintances refuse to admit that they too are going slightly out of their minds.
36
Yet the reassuring true friend gives us access to a very necessary and accurate sense of their own humiliations and follies,
37
insights with which we can begin to judge ourselves and our sad and compulsive lives slightly more compassionately.
38
Thirdly, fun.
39
Despite talk of hedonism and immediate gratification, life gives us constant lessons in the need to be serious.
40
We have to guard our dignity, avoid looking like a fool and pass as a mature adult.
41
The pressure can become onerous and in the end even dangerous.
42
That's why we constantly need access to people we can trust enough to be silly with them.
43
They might most of the time be training to be a neurosurgeon or advising middle-sized companies about their tax liabilities.
44
But when we're together, we can be therapeutically daft.
45
We can put on accents, shared lewd fantasies or doodle on the newspaper, adding a huge nose and a missing front tooth to the president,
46
or giving the fashion model distended ears and masses of curly hair.
47
The fun friend solves the problem of shame around important but unprestigious sides of ourselves.
48
Fourthly, clarifying our minds.
49
To a surprising degree, it's very hard to think on our own.
50
The mind is skittish and squeamish.
51
As a result, many Many issues lie confused within us.
52
We feel angry but are not sure why.
53
Something is wrong with our job but we can't pin it down.
54
The thinking friend holds us to the task.
55
They ask gentle but probing questions which act as a mirror that assists us with the task of knowing ourselves.
56
One side effect of getting a bit more precise about what we're trying to do with our social lives is
57
that we're likely to conclude that in many cases we're spending time with people for no truly identifiable good reason.
58
These proto-friends share none of our professional ambitions or interests, they aren't reassuring and may indeed be secretly really very excited by the possibility of our failure,
59
We can't be cathartically silly around them
60
and they aren't in the least bit interested in furthering our or their path to self-knowledge.
61
They are, like so many of the people in our social lives,
62
simply in our orbit as a result of some unhappy accident that we've been too sentimental to correct.
63
We should dare to be a little ruthless in this area.
64
Culling acquaintances isn't a sign that we've lost belief in friendship.
65
It's evidence that we're starting to get clearer and therefore more demanding about what a friendship could really be.
66
In the best way, the price of knowing what friendship is for may be a few more evenings at home in our own company.
67
Thank you.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики уровня C1 построен на видео «The Purpose of Friendship». Чаще всего повторяются слова: friendship, purpose, lives. В этом видео 67 предложений и 957 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 5:58. Говорящий говорит в естественном темпе, около 160 слов в минуту, близком к повседневной речи. Только 79% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
Самые сложные слова из видео (15), с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| reassure глагол | /ˌɹi.əˈʃʊɹ/ | заверя́ть, заве́рить |
| acquaintance существительное | /ʌˈkweɪn.təns/ | знако́мство |
| conclude глагол | /kənˈkluːd/ | заверша́ть, заверши́ть |
| accomplice существительное | /əˈkɑm.pləs/ | соуча́стник, соуча́стница |
| adrift прилагательное | /əˈdɹɪft/ | дрейфуюший |
| collaborator существительное | /kəˈlæbəɹeɪtɚ/ | сотру́дник, сотру́дница |
| compulsion существительное | /kəmˈpʌlʃən/ | позы́в, жела́ние |
| compulsive прилагательное | /kəmˈpʌlsɪv/ | неконтроли́руемый, навязчивый |
| devoid прилагательное | /dɪˈvɔɪd/ | пусто́й, поро́жний |
| diminish глагол | /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/ | уменьша́ть, уме́ньшить |
| disciple существительное | /dɪˈsaɪ.pəl/ | учени́к, после́дователь |
| doodle существительное | /ˈdud(ə)l/ | кара́кули, закорю́чка |
| elevate глагол | /ˈɛləveɪt/ | поднима́ть, подня́ть |
| fourthly наречие | /ˈfɔːɹθ.li/ | в-четвёртых |
| gratification существительное | /ˌɡɹætɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ | удовлетворение, ублажение |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Значение |
|---|---|
| hand out глагол | раздава́ть, разда́ть |
| put together глагол | собрать, составить |
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | we've been · we've lost |
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | be found · was given |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 19 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например we're, aren't, can't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «th»: fourthly /ˈfɔːɹθ.li/, therapeutically /ˌθɛɹ.əˈpju.tɪk.li/, thirdly /ˈθɚdli/, ruthless /ˈɹuːθləs/, tooth /tuθ/
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: reassure /ˌɹi.əˈʃʊɹ/, compulsion /kəmˈpʌlʃən/, diminish /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/, gratification /ˌɡɹætɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, skittish /ˈskɪtɪʃ/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: collaborator /kəˈlæbəɹeɪtɚ/, gratification /ˌɡɹætɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, hedonism /ˈhiːdənɪzəm/, prototypical /ˌpɹoʊtəˈtɪpɪkəl/, therapeutically /ˌθɛɹ.əˈpju.tɪk.li/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: acquaintance /ʌˈkweɪn.təns/, squeamish /ˈskwiːmɪʃ/
- /h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: hedonism /ˈhiːdənɪzəm/, helpfully /ˈhɛlp.fəl.i/, humiliation /hjuːˌmɪliˈeɪʃən/, hugely /ˈhjuːd͡ʒli/, heroic /hɪˈɹoʊ.ɪk/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: bind /ˈbaɪ̯nd/, conclude /kənˈkluːd/, compulsive /kəmˈpʌlsɪv/, devoid /dɪˈvɔɪd/, distend /dɪˈstɛnd/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как reassure, acquaintance, conclude.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.