Pratique du Shadowing: The Purpose of Friendship - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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67 phrases
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Friendship should be one of the high points of existence, and yet it's also the most routinely disappointing thing we have to deal with.
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Too often you're at supper at someone's house, there's an impressive spread and the hosts have evidently gone to a lot of trouble.
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But the conversation is meandering and devoid of any real interest.
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It flits from an overlong description of the failings of the
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in-flight service on a particular airline to a strangely heated discussion about the tax code.
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The intentions of the hosts are hugely touching, but as so often, we go home wondering what on earth the whole performance was really about.
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The key to the problem of friendship is to be found in an odd-sounding place, a lack of a sense of purpose.
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Our attempts at friendship tend to go adrift
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because we collectively resist the task of developing a clear picture of what friendship might really be for.
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The The problem is that we're unfairly uncomfortable with the idea of friendship having any declared purpose,
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because we associate purpose with the least attractive and most cynical of motives.
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Yet purpose doesn't have to ruin friendship, and in fact, the more we define what a friendship might be for,
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the more we can focus in on what we should be doing with every person in our lives, or indeed, the more we can helpfully conclude that we shouldn't be with them at all.
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There are at least four things we might be trying to do with the people we know.
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Firstly, networking.
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It's an unfairly maligned idea.
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We're small, fragile creatures in a vast world.
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Our individual capacities are entirely insufficient to realise the demands of our imaginations.
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So of course we need collaborators, accomplices who can align their abilities and energies with ours.
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This idea of friendship was given a lot of space in classical literature.
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Like the Argonauts, the legendary ancient Greek tale
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which traced how a heroic captain called Jason networked in order
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to assemble a band of friends to sail on the Argo in search of the Golden Fleece.
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Later, the same idea emerged
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when Jesus networked to put together a band of twelve disciples with whom he could spread one
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or two world-changing ideas about forgiveness and compassion.
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Rather than diminish our own efforts as we hand out our business cards,
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such prestigious examples can show how elevated and ambitious networking friendships could ideally be.
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Secondly, reassurance.
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The human condition is full of terror.
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We're always on the verge of disgrace, danger and disappointment.
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And yet, such are the rules of polite conduct
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that we're permanently in danger of imagining that we are the only ones to be as crazy as we know we are.
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We badly need friends because with the people we know only superficially, There are few confessions of sexual compulsion or of regret, rage and confusion.
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These superficial acquaintances refuse to admit that they too are going slightly out of their minds.
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Yet the reassuring true friend gives us access to a very necessary and accurate sense of their own humiliations and follies,
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insights with which we can begin to judge ourselves and our sad and compulsive lives slightly more compassionately.
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Thirdly, fun.
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Despite talk of hedonism and immediate gratification, life gives us constant lessons in the need to be serious.
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We have to guard our dignity, avoid looking like a fool and pass as a mature adult.
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The pressure can become onerous and in the end even dangerous.
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That's why we constantly need access to people we can trust enough to be silly with them.
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They might most of the time be training to be a neurosurgeon or advising middle-sized companies about their tax liabilities.
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But when we're together, we can be therapeutically daft.
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We can put on accents, shared lewd fantasies or doodle on the newspaper, adding a huge nose and a missing front tooth to the president,
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or giving the fashion model distended ears and masses of curly hair.
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The fun friend solves the problem of shame around important but unprestigious sides of ourselves.
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Fourthly, clarifying our minds.
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To a surprising degree, it's very hard to think on our own.
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The mind is skittish and squeamish.
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As a result, many Many issues lie confused within us.
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We feel angry but are not sure why.
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Something is wrong with our job but we can't pin it down.
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The thinking friend holds us to the task.
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They ask gentle but probing questions which act as a mirror that assists us with the task of knowing ourselves.
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One side effect of getting a bit more precise about what we're trying to do with our social lives is
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that we're likely to conclude that in many cases we're spending time with people for no truly identifiable good reason.
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These proto-friends share none of our professional ambitions or interests, they aren't reassuring and may indeed be secretly really very excited by the possibility of our failure,
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We can't be cathartically silly around them
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and they aren't in the least bit interested in furthering our or their path to self-knowledge.
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They are, like so many of the people in our social lives,
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simply in our orbit as a result of some unhappy accident that we've been too sentimental to correct.
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We should dare to be a little ruthless in this area.
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Culling acquaintances isn't a sign that we've lost belief in friendship.
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It's evidence that we're starting to get clearer and therefore more demanding about what a friendship could really be.
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In the best way, the price of knowing what friendship is for may be a few more evenings at home in our own company.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « The Purpose of Friendship ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : friendship, purpose, lives. Cette vidéo contient 67 phrases et 957 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 5:58. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 160 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. Seuls 79 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| reassure verbe | /ˌɹi.əˈʃʊɹ/ | tranquilliser, rassurer |
| acquaintance nom | /ʌˈkweɪn.təns/ | relation, accointance |
| conclude verbe | /kənˈkluːd/ | conclure |
| accomplice nom | /əˈkɑm.pləs/ | complice, comparse |
| adrift adjectif | /əˈdɹɪft/ | à la dérive |
| collaborator nom | /kəˈlæbəɹeɪtɚ/ | collaborateur, collaboratrice |
| devoid adjectif | /dɪˈvɔɪd/ | dépourvu |
| diminish verbe | /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/ | réduire |
| disciple nom | /dɪˈsaɪ.pəl/ | disciple |
| distend verbe | /dɪˈstɛnd/ | distendre |
| doodle nom | /ˈdud(ə)l/ | griffonnage, gribouillis |
| elevate verbe | /ˈɛləveɪt/ | élever |
| fourthly adverbe | /ˈfɔːɹθ.li/ | quatrièmement |
| gratification nom | /ˌɡɹætɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ | gratification |
| hedonism nom | /ˈhiːdənɪzəm/ | hédonisme |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| hand out verbe | distribuer |
| put together verbe | assembler |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | we've been · we've lost |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | be found · was given |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 19 contractions et formes réduites, comme we're, aren't, can't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: fourthly /ˈfɔːɹθ.li/, therapeutically /ˌθɛɹ.əˈpju.tɪk.li/, thirdly /ˈθɚdli/, ruthless /ˈɹuːθləs/, tooth /tuθ/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: reassure /ˌɹi.əˈʃʊɹ/, compulsion /kəmˈpʌlʃən/, diminish /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/, gratification /ˌɡɹætɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, skittish /ˈskɪtɪʃ/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: collaborator /kəˈlæbəɹeɪtɚ/, gratification /ˌɡɹætɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, hedonism /ˈhiːdənɪzəm/, prototypical /ˌpɹoʊtəˈtɪpɪkəl/, therapeutically /ˌθɛɹ.əˈpju.tɪk.li/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: hedonism /ˈhiːdənɪzəm/, helpfully /ˈhɛlp.fəl.i/, humiliation /hjuːˌmɪliˈeɪʃən/, hugely /ˈhjuːd͡ʒli/, heroic /hɪˈɹoʊ.ɪk/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: hugely /ˈhjuːd͡ʒli/, verge /vɜːd͡ʒ/, strangely /ˈstɹeɪnd͡ʒli/, prestigious /pɹɛˈstiːd͡ʒəs/, fragile /ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: reassure /ˌɹi.əˈʃʊɹ/, adrift /əˈdɹɪft/, collaborator /kəˈlæbəɹeɪtɚ/, fourthly /ˈfɔːɹθ.li/, gratification /ˌɡɹætɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme reassure, acquaintance, conclude.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.