Shadowing Practice: LITERATURE - Charles Darwin - Learn English Speaking with Video
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It's completely understandable that we're often maddened by what might be called normal humanity.
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The way in which emotions so regularly triumph over careful reasoning.
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The power of group loyalty, even when the group doesn't seem to deserve much devotion.
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The vast mechanisms of status-seeking that drive so much excess consumption.
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widespread selfishness and indifference to the greater needs of distant others.
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And we can find ourselves in the privacy of our heads
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or in the occasional late-night outburst railing against the fools and idiots who,
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so unfortunately, seem to occupy so many of the prominent places of power, wealth and influence in our world.
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In such moods, the 19th century naturalist Charles Darwin has much to say to us.
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He was born in England in 1809 into a well-to-do and intellectually distinguished family.
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He was much influenced by visiting in his twenties the Galapagos Islands,
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where he could see first-hand species remarkably different from those that existed elsewhere.
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In later life, he was a quiet, rather withdrawn man.
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He became the world's leading expert on barnacles.
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He achieved worldwide fame for his great work on the origin of species by natural selection.
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But Darwin felt that people had not quite understood the implications of his ideas and in 1871, when he was in his 60s,
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he brought out a title called The Descent of Man.
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Darwin liked to say that he had thought of calling his book The Ascent of Man, but that that would suggest some idea of progress,
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a concept he did not believe in.
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Rather, what Darwin wanted to do was to show that despite the obvious technical advances of past centuries,
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modern people are still fundamentally at exactly the same moral level, or even perhaps a slightly worse level, than their remote ancestors.
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Darwin's big point is that the basic psychological characteristics of human beings evolved to aid survival in the very remote past.
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At the simplest level, we are generally attracted to sweet things because, in the very extended period of early human development,
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that meant eating wild berries, which are great for our health.
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It's only been in very recent times
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that this in-built desire has turned against us and given us a craving for manufactured sugar,
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which by Darwin's time had become a major industrial commodity.
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We also evolved to be highly conscious of our own position within our immediate group,
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since so much of our early survival in the past depended on that.
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So today, being liked feels as if it is a life or death issue, precisely because in the past, it precisely was that.
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It indicated when you would be served when the spoils of the hunt were being distributed.
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Practically everything back then depended on having a mate and reproducing and so our minds are massively preoccupied by questions of reproduction,
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even though today this is not actually central to our own individual survival or even happiness.
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And obviously, emotional behaviour is much earlier and much more deeply rooted than elaborate reasoning,
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which is a very recent and still terribly fragile development in human culture.
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We can put on clothes and drive in cars, but we are still carrying, Charles Darwin insists, our primate heritage.
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And that, though disappointing, is not really our fault, it is simply a fact we need to get used to.
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Charles Darwin teaches us in his great work The Descent of
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Man to feel compassion for the very large primitive part of who we all are and will always be.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Este vídeo tiene 40 frases y 593 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 4:10. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 142 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. Solo el 81 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| survival sustantivo | /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/ | supervivencia, pervivencia |
| remote adjetivo | /ɹəˈməʊt̞/ | remoto |
| depend verbo | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | depender/pender (de), ser dependiente (de) |
| precisely adverbio | /pɹɪˈsaɪs.li/ | precisamente, a rajatabla |
| evolve verbo | /ɪˈvɑlv/ | desarrollar |
| vast adjetivo | /væst/ | vasto, enorme |
| elsewhere adverbio | /ˈɛlsˌʍɛɹ/ | en otro lugar, en otros sitios |
| moral adjetivo | /ˈmoɹəl/ | moral |
| deeply adverbio | /ˈdi(ː)pli/ | a fondo |
| happiness sustantivo | /ˈhæpinɪs/ | felicidad |
| mood sustantivo | /muːd/ | humor m ánimo, estado de ánimo |
| rail sustantivo | /ɹeɪ(ə)l/ | barra, barandilla |
| heritage sustantivo | /ˈhɛɹ.ɪ.tɪd͡ʒ/ | herencia, heredad |
| privacy sustantivo | /ˈpɹaɪ.və.si/ | intimidad, privacidad |
| consumption sustantivo | /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/ | consumo, consumición |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| bring out verbo | realzar, resaltar |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
- Los sonidos de “th”: withdraw /wɪðˈdɹɔ/, cloth /klɒθ/
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/, conscious /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/, occasional /əˈkeɪʒ(ə)nəl/, compassion /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/, psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/, practically /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.k(ə.)li/, occasional /əˈkeɪʒ(ə)nəl/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como survival, remote, depend.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.