Shadowing Practice: LITERATURE - Charles Darwin - Learn English Speaking with Video
Ders oluşturuluyor...
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It's completely understandable that we're often maddened by what might be called normal humanity.
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The way in which emotions so regularly triumph over careful reasoning.
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The power of group loyalty, even when the group doesn't seem to deserve much devotion.
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The vast mechanisms of status-seeking that drive so much excess consumption.
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widespread selfishness and indifference to the greater needs of distant others.
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And we can find ourselves in the privacy of our heads
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or in the occasional late-night outburst railing against the fools and idiots who,
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so unfortunately, seem to occupy so many of the prominent places of power, wealth and influence in our world.
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In such moods, the 19th century naturalist Charles Darwin has much to say to us.
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He was born in England in 1809 into a well-to-do and intellectually distinguished family.
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He was much influenced by visiting in his twenties the Galapagos Islands,
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where he could see first-hand species remarkably different from those that existed elsewhere.
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In later life, he was a quiet, rather withdrawn man.
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He became the world's leading expert on barnacles.
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He achieved worldwide fame for his great work on the origin of species by natural selection.
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But Darwin felt that people had not quite understood the implications of his ideas and in 1871, when he was in his 60s,
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he brought out a title called The Descent of Man.
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Darwin liked to say that he had thought of calling his book The Ascent of Man, but that that would suggest some idea of progress,
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a concept he did not believe in.
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Rather, what Darwin wanted to do was to show that despite the obvious technical advances of past centuries,
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modern people are still fundamentally at exactly the same moral level, or even perhaps a slightly worse level, than their remote ancestors.
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Darwin's big point is that the basic psychological characteristics of human beings evolved to aid survival in the very remote past.
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At the simplest level, we are generally attracted to sweet things because, in the very extended period of early human development,
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that meant eating wild berries, which are great for our health.
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It's only been in very recent times
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that this in-built desire has turned against us and given us a craving for manufactured sugar,
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which by Darwin's time had become a major industrial commodity.
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We also evolved to be highly conscious of our own position within our immediate group,
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since so much of our early survival in the past depended on that.
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So today, being liked feels as if it is a life or death issue, precisely because in the past, it precisely was that.
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It indicated when you would be served when the spoils of the hunt were being distributed.
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Practically everything back then depended on having a mate and reproducing and so our minds are massively preoccupied by questions of reproduction,
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even though today this is not actually central to our own individual survival or even happiness.
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And obviously, emotional behaviour is much earlier and much more deeply rooted than elaborate reasoning,
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which is a very recent and still terribly fragile development in human culture.
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We can put on clothes and drive in cars, but we are still carrying, Charles Darwin insists, our primate heritage.
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And that, though disappointing, is not really our fault, it is simply a fact we need to get used to.
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Charles Darwin teaches us in his great work The Descent of
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Man to feel compassion for the very large primitive part of who we all are and will always be.
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Thank you.
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 40 cümle ve 593 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 4:10 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 142 kelimelik dengeli bir hızla konuşuyor; gölgeleme için rahat bir tempo. Kelimelerin yalnızca %81’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodan öğrenmeye değer 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| survival isim | /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/ | hayatta kalma |
| remote sıfat | /ɹəˈməʊt̞/ | uzak, uzaktan kontrol |
| vast sıfat | /væst/ | dev, engin |
| moral sıfat | /ˈmoɹəl/ | ahlakî, ahlaki |
| happiness isim | /ˈhæpinɪs/ | mutluluk, saadet |
| heritage isim | /ˈhɛɹ.ɪ.tɪd͡ʒ/ | miras |
| privacy isim | /ˈpɹaɪ.və.si/ | gizlilik, mahremiyet |
| consumption isim | /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/ | tüketim |
| indicate fiil | /ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/ | belirtmek, göstermek |
| extend fiil | /ɛkˈstɛnd/ | genişletmek |
| fame isim | /feɪm/ | ün, şan |
| prominent sıfat | /ˈpɹɑmɪnənt/ | önde gelen |
| humanity isim | /hjuˈmænɪti/ | insanlık, insaniyet |
| mechanism isim | /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/ | mekanizma |
| psychological sıfat | /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/ | psikolojik |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
- “th” sesleri: withdraw /wɪðˈdɹɔ/, cloth /klɒθ/
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/, conscious /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/, occasional /əˈkeɪʒ(ə)nəl/, compassion /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/, psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/, practically /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.k(ə.)li/, occasional /əˈkeɪʒ(ə)nəl/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- Normal hızda cümle cümle tekrar edin; ritminiz konuşmacıyla aynı olana kadar her cümleyi yineleyin.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; survival, remote, vast gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.