Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: LITERATURE - Charles Darwin
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It's completely understandable that we're often maddened by what might be called normal humanity.
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The way in which emotions so regularly triumph over careful reasoning.
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The power of group loyalty, even when the group doesn't seem to deserve much devotion.
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The vast mechanisms of status-seeking that drive so much excess consumption.
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widespread selfishness and indifference to the greater needs of distant others.
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And we can find ourselves in the privacy of our heads
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or in the occasional late-night outburst railing against the fools and idiots who,
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so unfortunately, seem to occupy so many of the prominent places of power, wealth and influence in our world.
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In such moods, the 19th century naturalist Charles Darwin has much to say to us.
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He was born in England in 1809 into a well-to-do and intellectually distinguished family.
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He was much influenced by visiting in his twenties the Galapagos Islands,
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where he could see first-hand species remarkably different from those that existed elsewhere.
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In later life, he was a quiet, rather withdrawn man.
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He became the world's leading expert on barnacles.
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He achieved worldwide fame for his great work on the origin of species by natural selection.
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But Darwin felt that people had not quite understood the implications of his ideas and in 1871, when he was in his 60s,
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he brought out a title called The Descent of Man.
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Darwin liked to say that he had thought of calling his book The Ascent of Man, but that that would suggest some idea of progress,
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a concept he did not believe in.
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Rather, what Darwin wanted to do was to show that despite the obvious technical advances of past centuries,
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modern people are still fundamentally at exactly the same moral level, or even perhaps a slightly worse level, than their remote ancestors.
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Darwin's big point is that the basic psychological characteristics of human beings evolved to aid survival in the very remote past.
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At the simplest level, we are generally attracted to sweet things because, in the very extended period of early human development,
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that meant eating wild berries, which are great for our health.
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It's only been in very recent times
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that this in-built desire has turned against us and given us a craving for manufactured sugar,
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which by Darwin's time had become a major industrial commodity.
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We also evolved to be highly conscious of our own position within our immediate group,
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since so much of our early survival in the past depended on that.
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So today, being liked feels as if it is a life or death issue, precisely because in the past, it precisely was that.
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It indicated when you would be served when the spoils of the hunt were being distributed.
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Practically everything back then depended on having a mate and reproducing and so our minds are massively preoccupied by questions of reproduction,
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even though today this is not actually central to our own individual survival or even happiness.
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And obviously, emotional behaviour is much earlier and much more deeply rooted than elaborate reasoning,
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which is a very recent and still terribly fragile development in human culture.
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We can put on clothes and drive in cars, but we are still carrying, Charles Darwin insists, our primate heritage.
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And that, though disappointing, is not really our fault, it is simply a fact we need to get used to.
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Charles Darwin teaches us in his great work The Descent of
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Man to feel compassion for the very large primitive part of who we all are and will always be.
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Thank you.
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Video này có 40 câu và 593 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 4:10. Người nói giữ tốc độ đều, khoảng 142 từ mỗi phút, vừa sức để nói đuổi theo. Chỉ 81% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất, nên từ vựng khá khó.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ đáng học trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| remote tính từ | /ɹəˈməʊt̞/ | xa |
| depend động từ | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | phụ thuộc |
| happiness danh từ | /ˈhæpinɪs/ | hạnh phúc |
| mood danh từ | /muːd/ | tâm trạng, tính khí |
| heritage danh từ | /ˈhɛɹ.ɪ.tɪd͡ʒ/ | di sản |
| privacy danh từ | /ˈpɹaɪ.və.si/ | sự riêng tư |
| extend động từ | /ɛkˈstɛnd/ | kéo dài |
| fame danh từ | /feɪm/ | danh tiếng |
| prominent tính từ | /ˈpɹɑmɪnənt/ | nổi bật |
| humanity danh từ | /hjuˈmænɪti/ | nhân loại, loài người |
| mechanism danh từ | /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/ | máy móc, bộ máy |
| excess danh từ | /ˈɛksɛs/ | sự dư thừa |
| emotion danh từ | /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/ | cảm xúc |
| loyalty danh từ | /ˈlɔɪəlti/ | lòng trung thành |
| cloth danh từ | /klɒθ/ | vải, vải vóc |
Phát âm cần chú ý
- Âm “th”: withdraw /wɪðˈdɹɔ/, cloth /klɒθ/
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/, conscious /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/, occasional /əˈkeɪʒ(ə)nəl/, compassion /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/, psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/, practically /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.k(ə.)li/, occasional /əˈkeɪʒ(ə)nəl/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Nói đuổi từng câu ở tốc độ bình thường, lặp lại mỗi câu đến khi nhịp của bạn khớp với người nói.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như remote, depend, happiness.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.