Shadowing Practice: LITERATURE - Charles Darwin - Learn English Speaking with Video
Les maken...
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It's completely understandable that we're often maddened by what might be called normal humanity.
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The way in which emotions so regularly triumph over careful reasoning.
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The power of group loyalty, even when the group doesn't seem to deserve much devotion.
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The vast mechanisms of status-seeking that drive so much excess consumption.
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widespread selfishness and indifference to the greater needs of distant others.
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And we can find ourselves in the privacy of our heads
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or in the occasional late-night outburst railing against the fools and idiots who,
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so unfortunately, seem to occupy so many of the prominent places of power, wealth and influence in our world.
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In such moods, the 19th century naturalist Charles Darwin has much to say to us.
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He was born in England in 1809 into a well-to-do and intellectually distinguished family.
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He was much influenced by visiting in his twenties the Galapagos Islands,
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where he could see first-hand species remarkably different from those that existed elsewhere.
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In later life, he was a quiet, rather withdrawn man.
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He became the world's leading expert on barnacles.
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He achieved worldwide fame for his great work on the origin of species by natural selection.
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But Darwin felt that people had not quite understood the implications of his ideas and in 1871, when he was in his 60s,
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he brought out a title called The Descent of Man.
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Darwin liked to say that he had thought of calling his book The Ascent of Man, but that that would suggest some idea of progress,
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a concept he did not believe in.
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Rather, what Darwin wanted to do was to show that despite the obvious technical advances of past centuries,
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modern people are still fundamentally at exactly the same moral level, or even perhaps a slightly worse level, than their remote ancestors.
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Darwin's big point is that the basic psychological characteristics of human beings evolved to aid survival in the very remote past.
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At the simplest level, we are generally attracted to sweet things because, in the very extended period of early human development,
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that meant eating wild berries, which are great for our health.
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It's only been in very recent times
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that this in-built desire has turned against us and given us a craving for manufactured sugar,
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which by Darwin's time had become a major industrial commodity.
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We also evolved to be highly conscious of our own position within our immediate group,
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since so much of our early survival in the past depended on that.
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So today, being liked feels as if it is a life or death issue, precisely because in the past, it precisely was that.
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It indicated when you would be served when the spoils of the hunt were being distributed.
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Practically everything back then depended on having a mate and reproducing and so our minds are massively preoccupied by questions of reproduction,
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even though today this is not actually central to our own individual survival or even happiness.
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And obviously, emotional behaviour is much earlier and much more deeply rooted than elaborate reasoning,
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which is a very recent and still terribly fragile development in human culture.
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We can put on clothes and drive in cars, but we are still carrying, Charles Darwin insists, our primate heritage.
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And that, though disappointing, is not really our fault, it is simply a fact we need to get used to.
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Charles Darwin teaches us in his great work The Descent of
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Man to feel compassion for the very large primitive part of who we all are and will always be.
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Thank you.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze video bevat 40 zinnen en 593 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 4:10. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 142 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. Slechts 81% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
15 woorden uit de video die het leren waard zijn, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| survival zelfstandig naamwoord | /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/ | overleven, overleving |
| remote bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ɹəˈməʊt̞/ | verwijderd, afgelegen |
| depend werkwoord | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | afhangen |
| precisely bijwoord | /pɹɪˈsaɪs.li/ | precies |
| evolve werkwoord | /ɪˈvɑlv/ | ontwikkelen |
| vast bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /væst/ | enorm |
| moral bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈmoɹəl/ | moreel |
| happiness zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈhæpinɪs/ | blijheid, blijdschap |
| mood zelfstandig naamwoord | /muːd/ | humeur, stemming |
| rail zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɹeɪ(ə)l/ | rail, regel |
| heritage zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈhɛɹ.ɪ.tɪd͡ʒ/ | erfenis |
| privacy zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈpɹaɪ.və.si/ | afzondering, privacy |
| consumption zelfstandig naamwoord | /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/ | consumptie, verbruik |
| indicate werkwoord | /ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/ | aanwijzen, aanduiden |
| extend werkwoord | /ɛkˈstɛnd/ | uitbreiden |
Uitspraak om op te letten
- De “th”-klanken: withdraw /wɪðˈdɹɔ/, cloth /klɒθ/
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/, conscious /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/, occasional /əˈkeɪʒ(ə)nəl/, compassion /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/, psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/, practically /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.k(ə.)li/, occasional /əˈkeɪʒ(ə)nəl/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als survival, remote, depend.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.