Shadowing Practice: Who Am I? - Learn English Speaking with Video
Kies een oefenmodus
Elke modus opent een volledig scherm oefenruimte.
86 zinnen
Als zinnen te kort of te lang zijn, klik op Bewerken om ze aan te passen.
1
Over a lifetime, all of us change to an extraordinary degree.
2
From a physical perspective, we start off as a little bundle about 50 cm high, with cherubic features and elastic soft skin.
3
And then we may end up, some 90 years later, as a stooped, grey, liver -spotted, 180 cm high structure.
4
In the intervening period, every single cell in our body will have been replaced,
5
often many times over, and will have gone through all kinds of experiences that perhaps leave almost no trace in memory.
6
The 25 -year -old won't remember most of what the 5 -year -old felt so strongly about.
7
The 67 -year -old will only dimly recall what was on their mind as they approached 30.
8
We carry the same name throughout our lives and consider ourselves as a relatively stable, unitary entity.
9
But is it really right to think of ourselves as the same person?
10
Once one puts it under a philosophical microscope, the issue of personal identity emerges as far trickier than at first assumed.
11
So in what ways could we be said to be continuous throughout time?
12
What does guarantee that we can plausibly think of ourselves as the same people over a lifetime?
13
Just where is personal identity located?
14
A standard assumption is that it's our body that guarantees our personal identity.
15
This is the theory that a key part of what makes me me is that I'm housed in an identical body.
16
But philosophers like to push this assumption around a little.
17
Imagine if I lost all my hair, would I still be me?
18
Yes, sure.
19
What if I lost a finger?
20
Yes, a leg?
21
Definitely.
22
Now, what if a malevolent demon appeared and told us that we'd have to lose every part of our bodies, but could keep just one bit.
23
Which bit would it be?
24
Few of us would pick our elbow or belly button.
25
Almost all of us would pick our brains.
26
Now that tells us something interesting.
27
We assume implicitly that some bits of our bodies are more me -ish, closer to the core of personal identity than others.
28
And the most me -ish of all the bits are our brains.
29
Christianity runs a version of this thought experiment.
30
It asked us to think what will happen after our death, and it imagines a separation of the body, ultimately not that significant, and the ongoing survival of a more modest,
31
precious bit that it calls the soul.
32
There's another version of this thought experiment that two lovers can play.
33
In the early throes of love, two people who've gone to bed together might ask, what do you really like about me?
34
The wrong answer is to say your fabulous breasts or your amazing muscular arms.
35
Breasts and chest don't ultimately feel me -ish enough to be a respectable answer.
36
It seems we want to be loved for something closer to our real self, perhaps our soul or our brain.
37
Now let's push the thought experiment further.
38
What bit of the brain is actually most crucial to being me?
39
Let's imagine that I have a bump to the head and lose my ability to play table tennis.
40
Am I still myself?
41
Most of us would say yes, sure.
42
What if I once spoke Latin and lose the ability or forgot how to cook asparagus with a light mayonnaise sauce?
43
Would I still be me?
44
Yes.
45
In other words, technical capacities don't feel very close to the core of personal identity.
46
What about other kinds of memories?
47
A big part of making me me Tends to be my
48
store of memories I remember the carpet in my bedroom
49
when I was growing up or the girl I was in love with at university
50
or the weather over Sydney as we came into land for my first Australian book tour
51
But what if these memories all vanished as well?
52
Could I still be me?
53
One view is possibly so long as something else remained and that thing we can call my character.
54
In other words, if my characteristic way of responding to situations, my sense of what is funny,
55
wise, interesting or important remain the same, I can still in some fundamental way claim to be the same person.
56
My memory store of feelings and behaviors might be gone, but I could be assured of continuing to feel and behave in compatible ways in the future.
57
Those around me would need to keep reminding me of stuff that had happened, but they would still recognize me as me.
58
A fascinating idea comes into view.
59
Personal identity seems to consist not in bodily survival, I could be put in somebody else's body or live in a jar and still be me,
60
nor in the survival of memory, I could forget everything and still be me, but in the survival of what we're here going to call character.
61
This is an idea attributed to the English philosopher John Locke who famously wrote
62
that personal identity is made up of what he called sameness of consciousness.
63
If a demon offered us a choice between remembering everything but feeling and valuing very differently,
64
or feeling and valuing the same sorts of things but remembering nothing, most of us would, Locke suggests, choose the latter.
65
So, if we have to boil personal identity down to its essence, it seems to come down to values, inclinations and temperament.
66
Let's think of death with all this in mind.
67
The standard view of death is that it's sad because it means the end of our identity.
68
Now, it certainly does mean the end
69
if we identify identity with the survival of our bodies or with that of our memories.
70
But if we think that who we are is to a large degree about our values and uncharacteristic loves and hates, then we are, in a sense,
71
granted a kind of immortality simply through the fact that these will continue to live on in our species as a whole,
72
lodged here and there, outside of their present home.
73
Perhaps what we have learnt to call a me was only
74
ever a temporary resting place for a set of ideas
75
and proclivities that are far are far older and are destined to live on far longer than our bodies.
76
We might attempt to be less sad about death by letting go of the idea
77
that we are a particular constellation of physical features.
78
We are always in a sense far longer lasting, far more transgenerational as a bundle of inclinations and ideas.
79
We will continue to crop up and live wherever those ideas
80
that are most characteristic of us will emerge as they must in the generations that are to come.
81
Focusing in on questions of identity has the paradoxical
82
and rather cheering effect of making us both less attached to certain bits of us
83
and more confident
84
that the really important things about who we have been will
85
survive in a way long after our bodies have returned to dust and our memories have been obliterated.
86
Thank you.
App downloaden
Alles wat je nodig hebt om vloeiend te spreken
AI UitspraakScoor elke zin
IPA OefeningBeheers elk geluid
WoordenschatBouw je woordenschat op
WoordenspelLeren terwijl je speelt
Zelfde Kanaal
C141
The Secret to a Calm Life
British AccentDaily ConversationWorking Adults
C1PHILOSOPHY - Schopenhauer
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
Why We Go Cold On Our Partners
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C17
Why Parents Bully Their Children
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
Why Love NEVER Lasts FOREVER
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C17
PLATO ON: The Allegory of the Cave
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
Success at School vs Success in Life
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C156
Why Socrates Hated Democracy
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C253
Life is Not About Being Happy
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
How to Be Strong and Resilient
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C19
Are We Rejecting Them Because They’re Wrong—or Because We’re Unwell?
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
How to Find Out What's Really on Your Mind
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
POLITICAL THEORY - Karl Marx
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C160
Why Unloved People Hate Themselves #shorts #selfcare
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C13
How To Get Over Rejection
British AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B224
2 Unexpected Ways to Stop Sabotaging Yourself
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C110
How to Stop Feeling Nostalgic for an Ex
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
How to Get Over Someone
British AccentUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C18
What True Love Really Is
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C19
How to Parent Yourself
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
FOR YOU
Aanbevolen Video
C157
80 zinnen
What Are You?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C115
35 zinnen
SEtalk: Why We Hate Being Wrong
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C18
58 zinnen
How To Know Yourself
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B224
30 zinnen
Why don't you remember being a baby?
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
318 zinnen
What neuroscience reveals about free will and psychopaths | Sam Harris, Roger Penrose, Sophie Scott
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
120 zinnen
Philomena Cunk being Philomena Cunk
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
9 zinnen
Our Greatest Delusion
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B29
24 zinnen
Why Religious Beliefs Aren't Just Silly
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C170
35 zinnen
SEtalk: What a Second Language Does to Your Brain
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C16
89 zinnen
What is time?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
26 zinnen
Beyond Differences
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C18
51 zinnen
IFO | Bài phát biểu xứng tầm 9.0 của sinh viên trường Thanh Hoa | Full Eng-Vie sub
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze video bevat 86 zinnen en 1174 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 7:16. De spreker praat in een natuurlijk tempo van ongeveer 162 woorden per minuut, dicht bij een alledaags gesprek. 84% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden; de rest kun je beter vooraf bekijken.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
15 minder gangbare woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
- survival /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — overleven, overleving. The fact or act of surviving; continued existence or life.
- experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — experiment, proef. A test under controlled conditions made to either demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of…
- guarantee /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — garantie. Anything that assures a certain outcome.
- lifetime /ˈlaɪf.taɪm/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — mensenleven, levensduur. The duration of the life of someone or something.
- breast /bɹɛst/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — borst. Either of the two organs on the front of a female human's chest, which contain the mammary glands; also the analogous organs in males.
- assumption /əˈsʌm(p).ʃ(ə)n/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — op zich nemen. The act of assuming, or taking to or upon oneself; the act of taking up or adopting.
- demon /ˈdiː.mən/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — demon, demoon. An evil being resident in or working for Hell; a devil.
- characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — trekje, karakteristiek. A distinguishing feature of a person or thing, a part of mental or physical behavior.
- bundle /ˈbʌn.dl̩/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — bundel. A group of objects held together by wrapping or tying.
- emerge /ɪˈmɝd͡ʒ/ (werkwoord) — opduiken. To come into view.
- philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — filosoof, filosofe. A lover of wisdom.
- finger /ˈfɪŋɡɚ/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — vinger. A slender jointed extremity of the human hand, (often) exclusive of the thumb, and the corresponding part, irrespective of including a thumb, in many other…
- stable /ˈsteɪ.bəl/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — stal, paardenstal. A building, wing or dependency set apart and adapted for lodging and feeding (and training) ungulates, especially horses.
- temporary /ˈtɛmp(əˌɹ)ɛɹi/ (bijvoeglijk naamwoord) — tijdelijk. Not permanent; existing only for a period or periods of time.
- bedroom /ˈbɛdˌɹum/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — slaapkamer. A room in a house, apartment, hotel, or other dwelling where a bed is kept for sleeping.
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
- end up (werkwoord) — belanden, terechtkomen. To bring to a conclusion.
- grow up (werkwoord) — opgroeien. To mature and become an adult.
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 7 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals don't, I'm, we'd. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: assumption /əˈsʌm(p).ʃ(ə)n/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, consciousness /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/, separation /ˌsɛp.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, assure /əˈʃʊɹ/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/, temporary /ˈtɛmp(əˌɹ)ɛɹi/, extraordinary /ɪksˈtɹɔːrdɪn(ə)ɹi/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Begin op 0,75× snelheid, spreek zin voor zin na en ga terug naar normale snelheid zodra het makkelijk gaat.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als survival, experiment, guarantee.
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | have been replaced · be said · be loved |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | who've gone · have learnt · have been |
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.