ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Who Am I?
เลือกโหมดฝึก
แต่ละโหมดจะเปิดห้องฝึกแบบเต็มจอ
86 ประโยค
หากประโยคสั้นหรือยาวเกินไป กดที่ Edit เพื่อปรับแก้
1
Over a lifetime, all of us change to an extraordinary degree.
2
From a physical perspective, we start off as a little bundle about 50 cm high, with cherubic features and elastic soft skin.
3
And then we may end up, some 90 years later, as a stooped, grey, liver -spotted, 180 cm high structure.
4
In the intervening period, every single cell in our body will have been replaced,
5
often many times over, and will have gone through all kinds of experiences that perhaps leave almost no trace in memory.
6
The 25 -year -old won't remember most of what the 5 -year -old felt so strongly about.
7
The 67 -year -old will only dimly recall what was on their mind as they approached 30.
8
We carry the same name throughout our lives and consider ourselves as a relatively stable, unitary entity.
9
But is it really right to think of ourselves as the same person?
10
Once one puts it under a philosophical microscope, the issue of personal identity emerges as far trickier than at first assumed.
11
So in what ways could we be said to be continuous throughout time?
12
What does guarantee that we can plausibly think of ourselves as the same people over a lifetime?
13
Just where is personal identity located?
14
A standard assumption is that it's our body that guarantees our personal identity.
15
This is the theory that a key part of what makes me me is that I'm housed in an identical body.
16
But philosophers like to push this assumption around a little.
17
Imagine if I lost all my hair, would I still be me?
18
Yes, sure.
19
What if I lost a finger?
20
Yes, a leg?
21
Definitely.
22
Now, what if a malevolent demon appeared and told us that we'd have to lose every part of our bodies, but could keep just one bit.
23
Which bit would it be?
24
Few of us would pick our elbow or belly button.
25
Almost all of us would pick our brains.
26
Now that tells us something interesting.
27
We assume implicitly that some bits of our bodies are more me -ish, closer to the core of personal identity than others.
28
And the most me -ish of all the bits are our brains.
29
Christianity runs a version of this thought experiment.
30
It asked us to think what will happen after our death, and it imagines a separation of the body, ultimately not that significant, and the ongoing survival of a more modest,
31
precious bit that it calls the soul.
32
There's another version of this thought experiment that two lovers can play.
33
In the early throes of love, two people who've gone to bed together might ask, what do you really like about me?
34
The wrong answer is to say your fabulous breasts or your amazing muscular arms.
35
Breasts and chest don't ultimately feel me -ish enough to be a respectable answer.
36
It seems we want to be loved for something closer to our real self, perhaps our soul or our brain.
37
Now let's push the thought experiment further.
38
What bit of the brain is actually most crucial to being me?
39
Let's imagine that I have a bump to the head and lose my ability to play table tennis.
40
Am I still myself?
41
Most of us would say yes, sure.
42
What if I once spoke Latin and lose the ability or forgot how to cook asparagus with a light mayonnaise sauce?
43
Would I still be me?
44
Yes.
45
In other words, technical capacities don't feel very close to the core of personal identity.
46
What about other kinds of memories?
47
A big part of making me me Tends to be my
48
store of memories I remember the carpet in my bedroom
49
when I was growing up or the girl I was in love with at university
50
or the weather over Sydney as we came into land for my first Australian book tour
51
But what if these memories all vanished as well?
52
Could I still be me?
53
One view is possibly so long as something else remained and that thing we can call my character.
54
In other words, if my characteristic way of responding to situations, my sense of what is funny,
55
wise, interesting or important remain the same, I can still in some fundamental way claim to be the same person.
56
My memory store of feelings and behaviors might be gone, but I could be assured of continuing to feel and behave in compatible ways in the future.
57
Those around me would need to keep reminding me of stuff that had happened, but they would still recognize me as me.
58
A fascinating idea comes into view.
59
Personal identity seems to consist not in bodily survival, I could be put in somebody else's body or live in a jar and still be me,
60
nor in the survival of memory, I could forget everything and still be me, but in the survival of what we're here going to call character.
61
This is an idea attributed to the English philosopher John Locke who famously wrote
62
that personal identity is made up of what he called sameness of consciousness.
63
If a demon offered us a choice between remembering everything but feeling and valuing very differently,
64
or feeling and valuing the same sorts of things but remembering nothing, most of us would, Locke suggests, choose the latter.
65
So, if we have to boil personal identity down to its essence, it seems to come down to values, inclinations and temperament.
66
Let's think of death with all this in mind.
67
The standard view of death is that it's sad because it means the end of our identity.
68
Now, it certainly does mean the end
69
if we identify identity with the survival of our bodies or with that of our memories.
70
But if we think that who we are is to a large degree about our values and uncharacteristic loves and hates, then we are, in a sense,
71
granted a kind of immortality simply through the fact that these will continue to live on in our species as a whole,
72
lodged here and there, outside of their present home.
73
Perhaps what we have learnt to call a me was only
74
ever a temporary resting place for a set of ideas
75
and proclivities that are far are far older and are destined to live on far longer than our bodies.
76
We might attempt to be less sad about death by letting go of the idea
77
that we are a particular constellation of physical features.
78
We are always in a sense far longer lasting, far more transgenerational as a bundle of inclinations and ideas.
79
We will continue to crop up and live wherever those ideas
80
that are most characteristic of us will emerge as they must in the generations that are to come.
81
Focusing in on questions of identity has the paradoxical
82
and rather cheering effect of making us both less attached to certain bits of us
83
and more confident
84
that the really important things about who we have been will
85
survive in a way long after our bodies have returned to dust and our memories have been obliterated.
86
Thank you.
ดาวน์โหลดแอป
ทุกอย่างที่ต้องใช้เพื่อพูดได้คล่อง
AI ให้คะแนนการออกเสียงให้คะแนนทุกประโยค
ฝึก IPAเชี่ยวชาญทุกเสียง
คำศัพท์สร้างคลังคำของคุณ
เกมคำศัพท์เล่นไปเรียนไป
ช่องเดียวกัน
C141
The Secret to a Calm Life
British AccentDaily ConversationWorking Adults
C1PHILOSOPHY - Schopenhauer
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
Why We Go Cold On Our Partners
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C17
Why Parents Bully Their Children
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
Why Love NEVER Lasts FOREVER
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C17
PLATO ON: The Allegory of the Cave
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
Success at School vs Success in Life
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C156
Why Socrates Hated Democracy
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C253
Life is Not About Being Happy
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
How to Be Strong and Resilient
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C19
Are We Rejecting Them Because They’re Wrong—or Because We’re Unwell?
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
How to Find Out What's Really on Your Mind
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
POLITICAL THEORY - Karl Marx
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C160
Why Unloved People Hate Themselves #shorts #selfcare
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C13
How To Get Over Rejection
British AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B224
2 Unexpected Ways to Stop Sabotaging Yourself
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C110
How to Stop Feeling Nostalgic for an Ex
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
How to Get Over Someone
British AccentUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C18
What True Love Really Is
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C19
How to Parent Yourself
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
FOR YOU
วิดีโอแนะนำ
C157
80 ประโยค
What Are You?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C115
35 ประโยค
SEtalk: Why We Hate Being Wrong
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C18
58 ประโยค
How To Know Yourself
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B224
30 ประโยค
Why don't you remember being a baby?
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
318 ประโยค
What neuroscience reveals about free will and psychopaths | Sam Harris, Roger Penrose, Sophie Scott
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
120 ประโยค
Philomena Cunk being Philomena Cunk
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
9 ประโยค
Our Greatest Delusion
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B29
24 ประโยค
Why Religious Beliefs Aren't Just Silly
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C170
35 ประโยค
SEtalk: What a Second Language Does to Your Brain
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C16
89 ประโยค
What is time?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
26 ประโยค
Beyond Differences
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C18
51 ประโยค
IFO | Bài phát biểu xứng tầm 9.0 của sinh viên trường Thanh Hoa | Full Eng-Vie sub
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
วิดีโอนี้มี 86 ประโยค และ 1174 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 7:16 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วเป็นธรรมชาติ ประมาณ 162 คำต่อนาที ใกล้เคียงกับบทสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน 84% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่พบไม่บ่อย 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
- experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ (คำนาม) — การทดลอง. A test under controlled conditions made to either demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of…
- guarantee /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/ (คำนาม) — การรับประกัน. Anything that assures a certain outcome.
- breast /bɹɛst/ (คำนาม) — เต้านม, นม. Either of the two organs on the front of a female human's chest, which contain the mammary glands; also the analogous organs in males.
- demon /ˈdiː.mən/ (คำนาม) — มาร, ปิศาจ. An evil being resident in or working for Hell; a devil.
- bundle /ˈbʌn.dl̩/ (คำนาม) — มัด, กำ. A group of objects held together by wrapping or tying.
- emerge /ɪˈmɝd͡ʒ/ (คำกริยา) — ผุด. To come into view.
- philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/ (คำนาม) — นักปราชญ์, นักปรัชญา. A lover of wisdom.
- finger /ˈfɪŋɡɚ/ (คำนาม) — นิ้ว. A slender jointed extremity of the human hand, (often) exclusive of the thumb, and the corresponding part, irrespective of including a thumb, in many other…
- bedroom /ˈbɛdˌɹum/ (คำนาม) — ห้องนอน. A room in a house, apartment, hotel, or other dwelling where a bed is kept for sleeping.
- dust /dʌst/ (คำนาม) — ฝุ่น, ผง. Fine, dry particles of matter found in the air and covering the surface of objects, typically consisting of soil lifted up by the wind, pollen, hair, fiber…
- remind /ɹəˈmaɪnd/ (คำกริยา) — เตือน. To cause one to experience a memory (of someone or something); to bring to the notice or consideration (of a person).
- extraordinary /ɪksˈtɹɔːrdɪn(ə)ɹi/ (คำคุณศัพท์) — วิสามัญ. Out of the ordinary; exceptional; unusual.
- tennis /ˈtɛnɪs/ (คำนาม) — เทนนิส. A sport played by two players (or four in doubles), who alternately strike the ball over a net using racquets.
- fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/ (คำคุณศัพท์) — พื้นฐาน, เบื้องต้น. Related to a foundation, base, or basis; serving as a foundation.
- lover /ˈlʌvɚ/ (คำนาม) — คู่รัก, คนรัก. One who loves and cares for another person in a romantic way; a sweetheart, love, soulmate, boyfriend, girlfriend, or spouse.
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
- put in (คำกริยา) — ใส่. To place inside.
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 7 ครั้ง เช่น don't, I'm, we'd ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: assumption /əˈsʌm(p).ʃ(ə)n/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, consciousness /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/, separation /ˌsɛp.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, assure /əˈʃʊɹ/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/, temporary /ˈtɛmp(əˌɹ)ɛɹi/, extraordinary /ɪksˈtɹɔːrdɪn(ə)ɹi/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง experiment, guarantee, breast เป็นพิเศษ
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | have been replaced · be said · be loved |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | who've gone · have learnt · have been |
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ