Pratique du Shadowing: Contemporary Topics 2 Unit 3 Lecture with Powerpoint - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
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Hello everyone.
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Today we're going to study an interesting topic in psychology.
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Phobias.
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We'll first learn about types of phobias and then the causes of phobias and the treatment of phobias.
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But first, Let's get the definition clear.
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A phobia is a fear.
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Yes, but a phobia isn't a normal fear It's an extreme fear.
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It's basically a very strong, very focused fear.
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There are two main kinds of phobias.
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One is a specific phobia, like the fear of a dog, and the second type is a situational phobia, like the fear of public speaking.
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An important thing to remember: we all have some fears.
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That's natural.
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But a phobia is much stronger.
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Okay.
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Sometimes it can be so constant or it can be so serious that it interferes with a person's life.
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then some kind of treatment may be necessary.
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For example, One of my clients, I'll call her Maria, She used to have a phobia of elevators, So a situational phobia.
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She couldn't ride in an elevator without being terrified.
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Sometimes she would panic and start breathing fast as soon as she got into an elevator.
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- Yes.
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After a while, she refused to ride in any elevators at all.
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Even if she had to walk up 20 flights of stairs, she would do just that.
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in order to avoid being in an elevator.
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Her life was changed by the phobia Alright, so we have a basic definition of a phobia an extreme fear,
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and one that interferes with the person's life.
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Okay, now let's go a little deeper into our definition of phobia here.
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Psychologists have come up with three characteristics of a phobia.
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These characteristics help us to understand the difference between a phobia, and a normal fear.
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First, a phobia isn't a rational response.
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It's a very strong reaction too strong for the situation.
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For my patient Maria, who was afraid of elevators,
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this meant that she had a very strong physical reaction if someone even asked her to get onto an elevator.
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She'd start sweating and shaking.
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Not a rational response.
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The second characteristic is this: The duration is long.
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A phobia often lasts for a long time.
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It may last several years or even a person's whole life.
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And third, the reaction is too strong for the person to control.
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For example, for Maria, even though when she told herself not to be afraid to ride in the elevator, It didn't help.
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She still felt very scared no matter what she did.
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Her fear was uncontrollable.
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Okay, so those are the three characteristics of a phobia.
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it's, an irrational response, it's long -lasting, and it's uncontrollable.
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Now, let's spend a minute going over some types of common phobias.
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It's important to understand that phobias are classified by the thing or situation that the person fears.
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Greek or Latin names are usually used to describe the fear.
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So here are some examples.
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Hypno.
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H -Y -P -N -O means sleep.
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So fear of sleep is Hypnophobia.
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Sino means dog, so a fear of dogs is Sinophobia.
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Maria's phobia is known as claustrophobia, a fear of being in closed places.
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That's C -L -A -U, S -T -R -O.
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A very common phobia, I might add.
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Now to the causes of phobias.
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One theory is that a phobia is learned.
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This means that something happens that causes somebody to feel afraid.
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For example, someone could have learned to be afraid of dogs
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if he were attacked and injured by a dog as a child.
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This is an example of direct learning.
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People can also learn to have phobias indirectly by watching how other people react.
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For example, let's imagine a young man.
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We'll call him David.
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David's mother had always been afraid of dogs.
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Whenever David and his mother were together and they saw a dog, his mother would get very scared, even panicked.
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When David saw how his mother reacted, he became very scared too.
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He developed the same phobia, Sinophobia from watching his mother.
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In fact, psychologists find that phobias tend to run in families, that is, they tend to be learned in the same way among family members.
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The second theory about how phobias develop is the association theory.
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The theory says that a phobia is usually the result of a trauma or difficult experience that occurred in childhood.
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In other words, an adult associates a particular object or situation with a past trauma.
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For example, one of my patients was very afraid of the dark.
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After some therapy sessions, we discovered that his father used to put him in a closet as punishment when he was young.
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Now this man associates being in the dark with his terrible childhood experience.
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So, those are the two theories.
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One, that a phobia can be learned.
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and two, that a phobia is caused by an association with an unpleasant memory or event from our past.
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Well, there's hope here.
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We have treatments for phobias.
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And what do you think these treatments are?
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Well, first, psychologists know that if a phobia has been learned, it can usually be unlearned.
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In other words, a person can learn how to change a certain behavior.
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This unlearning is usually done step by step so that a person will gradually lose their deep fear.
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And second, if a phobia is a sign of a deeper psychological problem, then the psychologist can help the patient to become aware of this deeper problem.
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That awareness can lead to getting rid of the phobia for good.
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- Thank you.
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Well, that's enough for now.
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Are there any questions?
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Any questions at all?
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Contemporary Topics 2 Unit 3 Lecture with Powerpoint ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : phobia, fear, elevator, dog, example. Cette vidéo contient 89 phrases et 937 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 6:43. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 139 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. Seuls 80 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| phobia nom | /ˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ | phobie |
| psychologist nom | /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ | psychologue |
| characteristic nom | /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/ | caractéristique |
| scare verbe | /skɛɚ/ | effrayer |
| situational adjectif | /sɪtjuːˈeɪʃənəl/ | situationnel |
| uncontrollable adjectif | incontrôlable | |
| unlearn verbe | /ʌnˈlɝn/ | désapprendre |
| interfere verbe | /ˌɪn.tɚˈfɪɚ/ | se mêler (de), entraver |
| rational adjectif | /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/ | rationnel, rationnelle |
| classify verbe | /ˈklæs.əˌfaɪ/ | classifier |
| claustrophobia nom | /ˌklɔː.strəˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ | claustrophobie |
| hypnosis nom | /hɪpˈnəʊ.sɪs/ | hypnose |
| injure verbe | /ˈɪn.d͡ʒɚ/ | blesser |
| terrify verbe | /ˈtɛɹɪfaɪ/ | terrifier |
| irrational adjectif | /ɪˈɹæʃ.(ə.)nəl/ | irrationnel |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| come up with verbe | inventer, imaginer |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| « Used to » used to + verbe — une habitude ou un état passé qui n’est plus vrai | used to have · used to describe · used to put |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | being terrified · was changed · are classified |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | have come · has been learned |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 9 contractions et formes réduites, comme isn't, we'll, couldn't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: situational /sɪtjuːˈeɪʃənəl/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, irrational /ɪˈɹæʃ.(ə.)nəl/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: elevator /ˈɛləˌveɪtɚ/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, situational /sɪtjuːˈeɪʃənəl/, claustrophobia /ˌklɔː.strəˈfoʊ.bi.ə/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, injure /ˈɪn.d͡ʒɚ/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, claustrophobia /ˌklɔː.strəˈfoʊ.bi.ə/, terrify /ˈtɛɹɪfaɪ/, irrational /ɪˈɹæʃ.(ə.)nəl/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme phobia, psychologist, characteristic.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.