Shadowing Practice: Eyewitness reliability: Đề thi IELTS LISTENING (actual test) - Learn English Speaking with Video

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77 משפטים
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Now turn to section 3 on page 5.
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Section 3.
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You will hear two law students called Eleanor
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and Jamie discussing their work on whether the evidence given by people who witness crimes is reliable.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 26 on page 5.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 26.
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Hi Jamie, I've just been reading this book about eyewitness testimonies.
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It really goes into how much we can actually rely on what the people who witness crimes actually say
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and what things influence eyewitness reliability.
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Oh, I've read a couple of case studies on that too.
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Can we compare notes?
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Good idea!
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It's fascinating to learn that eyewitness identification is such compelling evidence in both civil and criminal trials.
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You mean if a witness says something, generally they're believed?
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And reading between the lines, I'd say that when a witness gives evidence in a very self-assured way, everyone takes them at their word.
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Whether they're a doctor who speaks with an assumed authority, or the average person in the street, it doesn't seem to matter as much as their manner.
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Right.
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So, is that textbook worth reading?
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Yes, it's a good book, divided into user-friendly sections.
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It refers to case studies and the conclusions are clearly underlined.
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But actually, some of the cases are more than ten years old now.
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Well, it's the same problem with the survey reports our tutor gave us.
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But at least they draw on a representative sample.
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That's good.
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All the books point out that eyewitness statements are very often unreliable.
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But there can be good reasons for that.
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Like an incident may happen at night in the dark.
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Or it happened some way away.
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But it's the fact that it can happen in just a split second that makes the witness's account so unreliable.
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That point's made very strongly in what I've read too.
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Yeah.
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Have you read anything about photo identifications?
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Yes, about the procedure and the reliability of witnesses looking at photos of different people and picking out the suspect.
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The case studies all clearly show how easy it is to sway a witness's choice of photo, even just by the flicker of an eye.
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But steps have been taken now to avoid this happening.
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And are the witnesses told exactly what they have to do?
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Mostly.
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But the trouble is, most people focus on the photos
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and choose the most likely suspect from the bunch and forget about the actual incident and who they saw at the time.
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And I read something about a naive observer.
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Do you know what that is?
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Is it a witness who's never been in a court before?
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Oh, I understood it to mean someone who's had nothing to do with the event, and they're asked to look at the photos and pick out the potential suspect. That figures.
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Then they can see if the photos are a good set and make sure one person doesn't stand out.
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Another thing I read was that witnesses don't like to change their minds once they've made a particular statement.
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I thought people might worry about the fact
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that they told a lie in court
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and think they might be punished in some way but it's simply that they're afraid of seeming unintelligent or lightweight.
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Yeah, people are reluctant to lose face.
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Imagine if a case had been going on for weeks and you suddenly realised you'd got something wrong right at the beginning.
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Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 27 to 30 on page 6.
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Now listen and answer questions 27 to 30.
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Changing the topic slightly, can I just check with you what you've understood about the problems of interviewing child witnesses
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when they've witnessed, for example, a robbery?
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Yes.
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Did you get the handout about the stages that should be followed when children are interviewed?
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Yes.
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The rapport stage, when a relationship between the child and the interviewer is built up, seems to be crucial.
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But many children fail to say anything that provides any real information.
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It must be hard for them not to feel a bit scared about being in a formal setting like a court building.
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Still, it's a good lead-in to open-ended questions, where the interviewer carefully sticks to their prepared questions in order to remain neutral.
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I can see the point of that.
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But the handout discusses the issue of children simply not understanding the specialist language used, so the whole interview just gets more puzzling for them.
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I think the stage called closed questions is easier for children to handle,
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they just have to answer yes or no. But everything's not so clear-cut in a child's world,
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and abstract concepts such as honesty haven't been fully grasped by young children.
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You mean they make things up?
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Apparently.
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And in the final stage, closure, where the interviewer has to check anything that hasn't been made clear to them by repeating previous questions,
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children often become suspicious of the questioner.
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It must require lots of training to be able to interview children successfully.
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Yes, I think...
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That is the end of Section 3.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.

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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה

שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה B2 מבוסס על הסרטון “Eyewitness reliability: Đề thi IELTS LISTENING”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: questions, photo, witness, eyewitness, witnesses. בסרטון הזה יש 77 משפטים ו-878 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 7:53. הדובר שומר על קצב יציב של כ-111 מילים בדקה, קצב נוח לתרגול Shadowing. 86% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים.

אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה

8 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:

מילההגייהמשמעות
eyewitness שם עצם/ˈaɪˌwɪt.nəs/עד ראיה
tutor שם עצם/ˈtjuːtəː/מורה פרטי
naive שם תואר/naɪˈiv/נָאִיבִי, תָּמִים
textbook שם עצם/ˈtɛkst.bʊk/סֵפֶר לִמוּד
punish פועל/ˈpʌnɪʃ/הֶעֱנִישׁ
puzzle שם עצם/ˈpʌzəl/חִידָה
divide פועל/dɪˈvaɪd/חילק, פיצל
testimony שם עצם/ˈtɛstɪmoʊni/עדות \ עֵדוּת

משפטים שכדאי לחזור עליהם

משפטים קצרים ושלמים מהסרטון שאפשר להשתמש בהם בשיחה יומיומית:

  • Can we compare notes?
  • You mean if a witness says something, generally they're believed?
  • Have you read anything about photo identifications?
  • Do you know what that is?
  • You mean they make things up?

דקדוק בסרטון הזה

המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:

מבנהבסרטון
הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיוI've read · Have you read · have been taken
סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולהare clearly underlined · have been taken · might be punished
משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דברpeople who witness

הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה

הדובר משתמש ב-17 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו they're, I've, doesn't. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.

  • הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: identification /aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/, assure /əˈʃʊɹ/, suspicious /səˈspɪʃ.əs/, closure /ˈkloʊ.ʒɚ/
  • מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: unreliable /ˌʌn.ɹəˈlaɪ.ə.bəl/, identification /aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, unintelligent /ˌʌnənˈtɛləd͡ʒənt/, testimony /ˈtɛstɪmoʊni/

צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:

  • /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: eyewitness /ˈaɪˌwɪt.nəs/, sway /ˈsweɪ̯/, lightweight /ˈlaɪt.weɪt/
  • /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: handout /ˈhændˌaʊt/, fascinate /ˈfæsɪneɪt/, rapport /ɹæˈpɔɹ/, grasp /ɡɹæsp/, abstract /ˈæbˌstɹækt/
  • /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: unreliable /ˌʌn.ɹəˈlaɪ.ə.bəl/, rapport /ɹæˈpɔɹ/, reluctant /ɹɪˈlʌktənt/, robbery /ˈɹɑbəɹi/, grasp /ɡɹæsp/

איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה

  1. הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
  2. תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט במהירות רגילה, וחזרו על כל משפט עד שהקצב שלכם תואם את הדובר.
  3. הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו eyewitness, tutor, naive.

מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?

שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.

טכניקת Shadowing: קרא את המדריך המלא שלב אחר שלב →