शैडोइंग अभ्यास: IELTS Cambridge 20 – Test 1: Listening Part 3 - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
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Part 3.
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You will hear two sociology students called Tamara and Dev discussing their research for a presentation on loneliness.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 26.
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Now listen carefully, and answer questions 21 to 26.
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Shall we go through the notes we've made from our research into loneliness now, Dev?
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Okay, Samara.
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It's been a real eye -opener.
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I had no idea that loneliness has been increasing steadily for the last twenty years.
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I know.
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And it's the same all over the world.
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The downside of a modern lifestyle, I guess.
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Did you come to any conclusions about what the reasons for the increase are?
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Well, I'd assumed it was mainly an issue for the elderly.
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But in fact it's something which affects young people just as much.
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Hmm, so nothing really to do with longer life spans.
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Erm, what about social media?
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In my case, far from making me feel isolated, it actually does the opposite.
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'It definitely does more good than harm.' I'd say loneliness has a lot to do with the way cities are designed,
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People living in high -rise flats with not much opportunity to speak to their neighbours.
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I think you're right.
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Another possible reason is that people are having fewer children and don't live in large extended family groups.
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But in this country anyway, that all changed decades ago.
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And yet loneliness is a more recent problem.
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I suppose so.
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A more plausible explanation is that people are having to move around for work
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and often end up living miles away from their family and friends.
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That's true.
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Looking at the studies on health risks and loneliness, There are claims that loneliness has as much impact as smoking 15 cigarettes a day.
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Or similar to the risks caused by obesity.
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But I'm not sure there's enough evidence for some of these claims.
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Well, what about that one in Finland, which showed that loneliness increased the risk of cancer by about 10 %?
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And those findings have been supported by other studies too.
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You're right about that, Juan.
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I was actually thinking of the studies on dementia.
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Some found no association between loneliness and dementia, and others found the opposite.
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Not exactly reliable then.
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There's been a lot of research on cardiovascular disease.
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And whether loneliness contributes to that?
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Yes, I read that it was hard to reach a judgement, as the definition of loneliness varied quite a lot.
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and the responses from participants were too subjective.
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But there's no doubt that loneliness contributes to a weakened immune system.
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Unquestionably.
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The data on that is sound.
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What did you think about the evolutionary theory of loneliness?
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Well, I thought the idea that loneliness evolved because it motivated people to be with other people quite convincing.
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Survival often depended on group cooperation.
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But I don't think there's enough evidence to claim
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that there must be a group of neurons in our brains
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which influence social behaviour by making us feel bad when we're alone.
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There are a few studies which support the theory, but not conclusively enough.
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More evidence is needed.
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And anyway, this theory is not really useful when it comes to solving the problem of loneliness today.
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Trey.
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Before you hear the rest of the discussion, You have some time to look at questions 27 to 30.
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Now listen and answer questions 27 to 30.
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Should we look at the relationship between loneliness and mental health now?
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Okay.
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So, loneliness and depression are clearly related and that's been recognised by various governments around the world.
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But unlike depression, loneliness has no recognised clinical form.
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There's no available diagnosis or effective treatments and that's not likely to change.
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I don't think so either.
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I was thinking we should start our presentation with an example from our own experience.
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I'd like to talk about how lonely I was when I started university, being away from home for the first time and all that.
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Good idea.
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Everyone will be able to relate to that.
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Although a lot of students were probably too embarrassed to admit to it.
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Yeah.
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We could discuss ways of dealing with loneliness as well, like just talking to strangers.
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Loads of studies have shown that interactions with shop assistants and bar staff make people feel more optimistic and relaxed.
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I don't know about that, but it must make people feel more connected with their community.
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True.
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Although you need to be a certain kind of person to be able to just strike up a conversation.
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Good point.
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We should say something about solitude and how being alone and being lonely aren't the same thing.
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It's strange the way some people can't stand being by themselves while others love it.
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Yeah, the research shows a certain amount of solitude is beneficial for wellbeing, which I appreciate.
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But being alone isn't something I actually like.
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I'd never choose to go on holiday alone, for example.
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Me neither.
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Well, let's not...
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That is the end of part three.
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You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to part 3.
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इस वीडियो के साथ बोलने का अभ्यास क्यों करें?
इस वीडियो में, हम सुनते हैं कि कैसे दो समाजशास्त्र के छात्र, तामारा और देव, अकेलेपन पर अपने शोध पर चर्चा कर रहे हैं। यह विषय न केवल दिलचस्प है, बल्कि यह हमें सामाजिक संबंधों और मानसिक स्वास्थ्य के बारे में भी सोचने पर मजबूर करता है। जब आप इस प्रकार की चर्चाओं में भाग लेते हैं या सुनते हैं, तो आप अपनी अंग्रेजी उच्चारण में सुधार कर सकते हैं। इस वीडियो को सुनकर और पुनः अनुभव करके, आप सही उच्चारण और ध्वनि को समझ सकते हैं। साथ ही, यह आपको अपनी सोच और संचार क्षमता को विकसित करने में मदद करेगा, जिससे आप यूट्यूब से अंग्रेजी सीखें की अपनी यात्रा को और मजेदार बना सकते हैं।
व्याकरण और अभिव्यक्तियाँ संदर्भ में
इस बातचीत में उपयोग किए गए कुछ प्रमुख संरचनाओं पर ध्यान दें:
- “I had no idea that...”: यह एक सामान्य अंग्रेजी अभिव्यक्ति है जो किसी नए विचार या जानकारी की खोज को दर्शाती है।
- “It has a lot to do with...”: यह वाक्यांश किसी विषय के महत्वपूर्ण कारकों को उजागर करने के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है।
- “But in fact...”: यह एक विपरीत विचार को स्पष्ट करने के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है, जिससे बातचीत में दिलचस्पी बढ़ती है।
- “What about...?”: विचार-विमर्श में नए पहलुओं को प्रस्तुत करने का एक प्रभावशाली तरीका है।
इन अभिव्यक्तियों का उपयोग करते हुए, आप अपनी बातचीत को और अधिक प्रभावी और प्राकृतिक बना सकते हैं। जब आप अंग्रेजी शैडोइंग की तकनीक का उपयोग करते हैं, तो इन संरचनाओं को सही ढंग से अपनाना आपके लिए सहायक होगा।
सामान्य उच्चारण की जाल
इस वीडियो में कुछ शब्दों और ध्वनियों पर ध्यान दें जो उच्चारण के लिए चुनौतीपूर्ण हो सकते हैं:
- “loneliness”: इस शब्द का सही उच्चारण विशेष ध्यान की मांग करता है। इसे “lon-lee-ness” के रूप में बोलें।
- “dementia”: इसका उच्चारण “de-men-sia” है। विशेषकर ध्यान रहे कि “de” पर जोर न डालें।
- “cardiovascular”: सही उच्चारण के लिए, इसे “kar-dee-oh-vas-kyoo-lar” के रूप में बोलें।
सुनने के अभ्यास के दौरान, इन शब्दों के संयोजन और लय को पहचानें। जब आप shadowspeaks की तकनीक का उपयोग करते हैं, तो इन शब्दों को सही ढंग से उच्चारण करने में मदद मिलेगी।
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | we've made · It's been · have been supported |
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | are designed · have been supported · is needed |
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।