跟读练习: IELTS Cambridge 20 – Test 1: Listening Part 3 - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Part 3.
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You will hear two sociology students called Tamara and Dev discussing their research for a presentation on loneliness.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 26.
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Now listen carefully, and answer questions 21 to 26.
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Shall we go through the notes we've made from our research into loneliness now, Dev?
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Okay, Samara.
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It's been a real eye -opener.
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I had no idea that loneliness has been increasing steadily for the last twenty years.
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I know.
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And it's the same all over the world.
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The downside of a modern lifestyle, I guess.
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Did you come to any conclusions about what the reasons for the increase are?
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Well, I'd assumed it was mainly an issue for the elderly.
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But in fact it's something which affects young people just as much.
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Hmm, so nothing really to do with longer life spans.
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Erm, what about social media?
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In my case, far from making me feel isolated, it actually does the opposite.
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'It definitely does more good than harm.' I'd say loneliness has a lot to do with the way cities are designed,
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People living in high -rise flats with not much opportunity to speak to their neighbours.
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I think you're right.
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Another possible reason is that people are having fewer children and don't live in large extended family groups.
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But in this country anyway, that all changed decades ago.
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And yet loneliness is a more recent problem.
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I suppose so.
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A more plausible explanation is that people are having to move around for work
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and often end up living miles away from their family and friends.
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That's true.
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Looking at the studies on health risks and loneliness, There are claims that loneliness has as much impact as smoking 15 cigarettes a day.
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Or similar to the risks caused by obesity.
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But I'm not sure there's enough evidence for some of these claims.
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Well, what about that one in Finland, which showed that loneliness increased the risk of cancer by about 10 %?
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And those findings have been supported by other studies too.
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You're right about that, Juan.
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I was actually thinking of the studies on dementia.
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Some found no association between loneliness and dementia, and others found the opposite.
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Not exactly reliable then.
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There's been a lot of research on cardiovascular disease.
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And whether loneliness contributes to that?
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Yes, I read that it was hard to reach a judgement, as the definition of loneliness varied quite a lot.
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and the responses from participants were too subjective.
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But there's no doubt that loneliness contributes to a weakened immune system.
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Unquestionably.
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The data on that is sound.
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What did you think about the evolutionary theory of loneliness?
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Well, I thought the idea that loneliness evolved because it motivated people to be with other people quite convincing.
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Survival often depended on group cooperation.
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But I don't think there's enough evidence to claim
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that there must be a group of neurons in our brains
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which influence social behaviour by making us feel bad when we're alone.
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There are a few studies which support the theory, but not conclusively enough.
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More evidence is needed.
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And anyway, this theory is not really useful when it comes to solving the problem of loneliness today.
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Trey.
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Before you hear the rest of the discussion, You have some time to look at questions 27 to 30.
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Now listen and answer questions 27 to 30.
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Should we look at the relationship between loneliness and mental health now?
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Okay.
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So, loneliness and depression are clearly related and that's been recognised by various governments around the world.
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But unlike depression, loneliness has no recognised clinical form.
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There's no available diagnosis or effective treatments and that's not likely to change.
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I don't think so either.
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I was thinking we should start our presentation with an example from our own experience.
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I'd like to talk about how lonely I was when I started university, being away from home for the first time and all that.
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Good idea.
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Everyone will be able to relate to that.
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Although a lot of students were probably too embarrassed to admit to it.
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Yeah.
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We could discuss ways of dealing with loneliness as well, like just talking to strangers.
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Loads of studies have shown that interactions with shop assistants and bar staff make people feel more optimistic and relaxed.
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I don't know about that, but it must make people feel more connected with their community.
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True.
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Although you need to be a certain kind of person to be able to just strike up a conversation.
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Good point.
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We should say something about solitude and how being alone and being lonely aren't the same thing.
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It's strange the way some people can't stand being by themselves while others love it.
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Yeah, the research shows a certain amount of solitude is beneficial for wellbeing, which I appreciate.
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But being alone isn't something I actually like.
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I'd never choose to go on holiday alone, for example.
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Me neither.
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Well, let's not...
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That is the end of part three.
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You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to part 3.
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背景与语境
在本视频的第三部分，两个社会学学生塔玛拉和德夫讨论了他们关于孤独的研究。这次对话深入探讨了孤独感在现代社会中的普遍性，尤其是对年轻人的影响。通过他们的讨论，观众能够了解孤独的多重成因，以及现代生活方式对人际关系的影响。此话题不仅引人深思，也为学习者提供了提高英语听说能力的良好素材。
日常交流中的五个常用短语
- eye-opener - 令人震惊的新发现
- the downside of - ...的负面影响
- it's something which affects - 这是影响...的事情
- look at the studies - 查看研究
- undoubtedly - 毫无疑问地
逐步跟读指导
为了有效地通过本视频提升您的英语口语能力，您可以采取以下步骤进行英语影子跟读（shadow speech）。这些步骤将帮助您掌握对话中的语调和节奏，从而增强口语表达能力。
- 初步聆听：首先，仔细听整个对话，不要查看文本。尝试理解每个学生所描述的孤独感和相关研究的内容。
- 文本对照：接下来，查看文字稿。对照聆听与文字，以便更好地理解语句的结构和用词的选择。
- 分段模仿：将对话分成小段，逐句进行shadowspeak（影子跟读）。尝试模仿塔玛拉和德夫的语调、重音和速度。
- 重复练习：多次重复每一句。注意他们的语速和语音起伏，这将有助于提高您的自然口语能力。
- 录音对比：将您的跟读录音与原视频进行对比，分析您的发音和语调，找出需要改进的地方。
通过这种shadowing site（跟读网站）所推荐的方法，您将能够更自信地使用英语进行交流。确保在学习过程中，积极实践这些短语，并不断尝试与他人对话，从而提高自己的口语能力。
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | we've made · It's been · have been supported |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | are designed · have been supported · is needed |
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。