シャドーイング練習: IELTS Cambridge 20 – Test 1: Listening Part 3 - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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Part 3.

You will hear two sociology students called Tamara and Dev discussing their research for a presentation on loneliness.

First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 26.

Now listen carefully, and answer questions 21 to 26.

Shall we go through the notes we've made from our research into loneliness now, Dev?

Okay, Samara.

It's been a real eye -opener.

I had no idea that loneliness has been increasing steadily for the last twenty years.

I know.

And it's the same all over the world.

The downside of a modern lifestyle, I guess.

Did you come to any conclusions about what the reasons for the increase are?

Well, I'd assumed it was mainly an issue for the elderly.

But in fact it's something which affects young people just as much.

Hmm, so nothing really to do with longer life spans.

Erm, what about social media?

In my case, far from making me feel isolated, it actually does the opposite.

'It definitely does more good than harm.' I'd say loneliness has a lot to do with the way cities are designed,

People living in high -rise flats with not much opportunity to speak to their neighbours.

I think you're right.

Another possible reason is that people are having fewer children and don't live in large extended family groups.

But in this country anyway, that all changed decades ago.

And yet loneliness is a more recent problem.

I suppose so.

A more plausible explanation is that people are having to move around for work

and often end up living miles away from their family and friends.

That's true.

Looking at the studies on health risks and loneliness, There are claims that loneliness has as much impact as smoking 15 cigarettes a day.

Or similar to the risks caused by obesity.

But I'm not sure there's enough evidence for some of these claims.

Well, what about that one in Finland, which showed that loneliness increased the risk of cancer by about 10 %?

And those findings have been supported by other studies too.

You're right about that, Juan.

I was actually thinking of the studies on dementia.

Some found no association between loneliness and dementia, and others found the opposite.

Not exactly reliable then.

There's been a lot of research on cardiovascular disease.

And whether loneliness contributes to that?

Yes, I read that it was hard to reach a judgement, as the definition of loneliness varied quite a lot.

and the responses from participants were too subjective.

But there's no doubt that loneliness contributes to a weakened immune system.

Unquestionably.

The data on that is sound.

What did you think about the evolutionary theory of loneliness?

Well, I thought the idea that loneliness evolved because it motivated people to be with other people quite convincing.

Survival often depended on group cooperation.

But I don't think there's enough evidence to claim

that there must be a group of neurons in our brains

which influence social behaviour by making us feel bad when we're alone.

There are a few studies which support the theory, but not conclusively enough.

More evidence is needed.

And anyway, this theory is not really useful when it comes to solving the problem of loneliness today.

Trey.

Before you hear the rest of the discussion, You have some time to look at questions 27 to 30.

Now listen and answer questions 27 to 30.

Should we look at the relationship between loneliness and mental health now?

Okay.

So, loneliness and depression are clearly related and that's been recognised by various governments around the world.

But unlike depression, loneliness has no recognised clinical form.

There's no available diagnosis or effective treatments and that's not likely to change.

I don't think so either.

I was thinking we should start our presentation with an example from our own experience.

I'd like to talk about how lonely I was when I started university, being away from home for the first time and all that.

Good idea.

Everyone will be able to relate to that.

Although a lot of students were probably too embarrassed to admit to it.

Yeah.

We could discuss ways of dealing with loneliness as well, like just talking to strangers.

Loads of studies have shown that interactions with shop assistants and bar staff make people feel more optimistic and relaxed.

I don't know about that, but it must make people feel more connected with their community.

True.

Although you need to be a certain kind of person to be able to just strike up a conversation.

Good point.

We should say something about solitude and how being alone and being lonely aren't the same thing.

It's strange the way some people can't stand being by themselves while others love it.

Yeah, the research shows a certain amount of solitude is beneficial for wellbeing, which I appreciate.

But being alone isn't something I actually like.

I'd never choose to go on holiday alone, for example.

Me neither.

Well, let's not...

That is the end of part three.

You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to part 3.

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IELTS Cambridge 20 – Test 1: Listening Part 2

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このビデオで話す練習をする理由

このビデオは、孤独というテーマについての大学生同士の話し合いを扱っています。社会学の研究発表の準備を通じて、英語スピーキング練習に最適な素材です。英語を話す能力を向上させるためには、実際の会話を聞き、模倣することが非常に重要です。このビデオを通じて、英語の自然な流れやニュアンスを学び、YouTubeで英語学習を深めることが可能です。

文法と文脈における表現

このビデオからは、いくつかの重要な文法構造や表現を学ぶことができます。以下に、使用されているいくつかのポイントを示します：

「I had no idea that...」 - 知識の無さを表す表現で、会話の中で意見を述べる際に役立ちます。
「It actually does the opposite.」 - 反対の意見を表現する際に使えるフレーズです。コミュニケーションにおいて重要です。
「There's no doubt that...」 - 確信を持って何かを述べる際に使える表現です。
「I suppose so.」 - 自分の意見が相手に賛同していることを示す柔らかい表現です。

これらの文法ポイントを使って、自分の考えを英語で表現する練習をしてみましょう。shadow speechを活用して、このフレーズを実際に声に出してみることが効果的です。

一般的な発音の落とし穴

動画の中には、発音が難しいいくつかの単語やフレーズがあります。特に注意が必要なものは以下の通りです：

loneliness - 「孤独」と発音されるこの単語は、音節に注意が必要です。
immunity - 発音時に音を滑らかに流す練習をしましょう。
cooperation - アクセントの位置によって聞き取りづらくなりますので、丁寧に練習してください。

これらのトラップを克服するために、英語の発音を良くする練習を繰り返し行うことが大切です。特に、shadowspeakのテクニックを用いて、native speakerのように発音することを目指しましょう。

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	we've made · It's been · have been supported
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	are designed · have been supported · is needed

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: IELTS Cambridge 20 – Test 1: Listening Part 3 - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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このビデオで話す練習をする理由

文法と文脈における表現

一般的な発音の落とし穴

この動画の文法

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由