跟讀練習: IELTS Cambridge 20 – Test 1: Listening Part 3 - 通過影片學習英語口語
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Part 3.
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You will hear two sociology students called Tamara and Dev discussing their research for a presentation on loneliness.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 26.
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Now listen carefully, and answer questions 21 to 26.
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Shall we go through the notes we've made from our research into loneliness now, Dev?
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Okay, Samara.
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It's been a real eye -opener.
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I had no idea that loneliness has been increasing steadily for the last twenty years.
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I know.
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And it's the same all over the world.
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The downside of a modern lifestyle, I guess.
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Did you come to any conclusions about what the reasons for the increase are?
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Well, I'd assumed it was mainly an issue for the elderly.
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But in fact it's something which affects young people just as much.
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Hmm, so nothing really to do with longer life spans.
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Erm, what about social media?
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In my case, far from making me feel isolated, it actually does the opposite.
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'It definitely does more good than harm.' I'd say loneliness has a lot to do with the way cities are designed,
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People living in high -rise flats with not much opportunity to speak to their neighbours.
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I think you're right.
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Another possible reason is that people are having fewer children and don't live in large extended family groups.
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But in this country anyway, that all changed decades ago.
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And yet loneliness is a more recent problem.
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I suppose so.
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A more plausible explanation is that people are having to move around for work
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and often end up living miles away from their family and friends.
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That's true.
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Looking at the studies on health risks and loneliness, There are claims that loneliness has as much impact as smoking 15 cigarettes a day.
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Or similar to the risks caused by obesity.
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But I'm not sure there's enough evidence for some of these claims.
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Well, what about that one in Finland, which showed that loneliness increased the risk of cancer by about 10 %?
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And those findings have been supported by other studies too.
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You're right about that, Juan.
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I was actually thinking of the studies on dementia.
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Some found no association between loneliness and dementia, and others found the opposite.
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Not exactly reliable then.
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There's been a lot of research on cardiovascular disease.
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And whether loneliness contributes to that?
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Yes, I read that it was hard to reach a judgement, as the definition of loneliness varied quite a lot.
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and the responses from participants were too subjective.
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But there's no doubt that loneliness contributes to a weakened immune system.
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Unquestionably.
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The data on that is sound.
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What did you think about the evolutionary theory of loneliness?
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Well, I thought the idea that loneliness evolved because it motivated people to be with other people quite convincing.
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Survival often depended on group cooperation.
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But I don't think there's enough evidence to claim
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that there must be a group of neurons in our brains
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which influence social behaviour by making us feel bad when we're alone.
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There are a few studies which support the theory, but not conclusively enough.
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More evidence is needed.
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And anyway, this theory is not really useful when it comes to solving the problem of loneliness today.
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Trey.
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Before you hear the rest of the discussion, You have some time to look at questions 27 to 30.
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Now listen and answer questions 27 to 30.
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Should we look at the relationship between loneliness and mental health now?
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Okay.
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So, loneliness and depression are clearly related and that's been recognised by various governments around the world.
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But unlike depression, loneliness has no recognised clinical form.
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There's no available diagnosis or effective treatments and that's not likely to change.
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I don't think so either.
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I was thinking we should start our presentation with an example from our own experience.
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I'd like to talk about how lonely I was when I started university, being away from home for the first time and all that.
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Good idea.
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Everyone will be able to relate to that.
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Although a lot of students were probably too embarrassed to admit to it.
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Yeah.
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We could discuss ways of dealing with loneliness as well, like just talking to strangers.
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Loads of studies have shown that interactions with shop assistants and bar staff make people feel more optimistic and relaxed.
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I don't know about that, but it must make people feel more connected with their community.
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True.
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Although you need to be a certain kind of person to be able to just strike up a conversation.
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Good point.
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We should say something about solitude and how being alone and being lonely aren't the same thing.
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It's strange the way some people can't stand being by themselves while others love it.
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Yeah, the research shows a certain amount of solitude is beneficial for wellbeing, which I appreciate.
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But being alone isn't something I actually like.
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I'd never choose to go on holiday alone, for example.
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Me neither.
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Well, let's not...
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That is the end of part three.
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You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to part 3.
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背景與語境
在本影片的第三部分，兩個社會學學生塔瑪拉和德夫討論了他們關於孤獨的研究。這次對話深入探討了孤獨感在現代社會中的普遍性，尤其是對年輕人的影響。通過他們的討論，觀眾能夠了解孤獨的多重成因，以及現代生活方式對人際關係的影響。此話題不僅引人深思，也為學習者提供了提高英語聽說能力的良好素材。
日常交流中的五個常用短語
- eye-opener - 令人震驚的新發現
- the downside of - ...的負面影響
- it's something which affects - 這是影響...的事情
- look at the studies - 檢視研究
- undoubtedly - 毫無疑問地
逐步跟讀指導
為了有效地通過本影片提升您的英語口語能力，您可以採取以下步驟進行英語影子跟讀（shadow speech）。這些步驟將幫助您掌握對話中的語調和節奏，從而增強口語表達能力。
- 初步聆聽：首先，仔細聽整個對話，不要檢視文本。嘗試理解每個學生所描述的孤獨感和相關研究的內容。
- 文本對照：接下來，檢視文字稿。對照聆聽與文字，以便更好地理解語句的結構和用詞的選擇。
- 分段模仿：將對話分成小段，逐句進行shadowspeak（影子跟讀）。嘗試模仿塔瑪拉和德夫的語調、重音和速度。
- 重複練習：多次重複每一句。注意他們的語速和語音起伏，這將有助於提高您的自然口語能力。
- 錄音對比：將您的跟讀錄音與原影片進行對比，分析您的發音和語調，找出需要改進的地方。
通過這種shadowing site（跟讀網站）所推薦的方法，您將能夠更自信地使用英語進行交流。確保在學習過程中，積極實踐這些短語，並不斷嘗試與他人對話，從而提高自己的口語能力。
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | we've made · It's been · have been supported |
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | are designed · have been supported · is needed |
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。