쉐도잉 연습: How to Rebut An Argument (Ep 02) - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
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you Argument Alice, Framework Freddy,
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Comparison Connie, Structure Sam, Delivery Danny, Rebuttal Rosie are...
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The Diology Debate Super Team.
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They are here to help develop your superpowers.
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Hello everyone, Rebuttal Rosie here.
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Today I am going to teach you one of the most important things in debate: rebuttal.
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Rebuttal means to provide some evidence or argument that refutes or opposes an argument.
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To refute means to prove to be wrong or an error.
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In simple terms, A rebuttal is when we explain that our opponent's argument is wrong or mistaken.
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Debate would be very boring without rebuttals.
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As you learned from Argument Alice, making an argument is like building a house.
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You need all the crucial components: claim, reasoning, and evidence.
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A rebuttal is an attempt to deconstruct or tear down what our opponent has built.
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Now, before we begin your training in rebuttal, you must make a promise to me.
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You must promise that your rebuttals will always remain friendly and respectful.
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Even though we are explaining that our opponents are wrong, it is never okay to be mean or aggressive.
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My shield symbolizes that we are defending against the arguments of our opponents.
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However, the yin yang signifies that there is a bit of truth in our opponents' arguments.
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The process of argument and rebuttal helps us all to learn for this reason We respect, and appreciate our opponents and their arguments.
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Finally, we attack arguments, but never people.
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Do you promise to respect and value your opponents at all times?
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Excellent!
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Then let's get started.
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Today I will show you the four simple steps of rebuttal.
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They are: Step 1.
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Briefly state the argument you are refuting.
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Step 2: Express disagreement with the argument.
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Step 3.
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provide reasons for disagreement.
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step 4.
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Brief Conclusion Step 1.
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My opponent says: "The first thing you need to do is clearly and briefly summarize the argument of your opponent."
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The audience must know which point you are refuting.
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Step 2.
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However, I would like to challenge this argument.
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In this step, you simply indicate that you will provide reasons why the argument is flawed or wrong.
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Step 3. Because.
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In this step, you provide the reasons why you think the argument is flawed or wrong.
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There could be many reasons why you think the argument is flawed.
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Remember what Structure Sam says and always enumerate these arguments.
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In this step, you simply provide a conclusion to your rebuttal.
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You might say: Therefore, we think that this argument does not stand.
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Let's look at an example of a refutation in an actual debate.
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Let's first hear the argument that we will rebut.
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to refute We need to listen carefully.
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Listen to the claim, reasoning and evidence before constructing your rebuttal.
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Let's look at an argument we have heard before on the topic.
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Kids should not be allowed to have mobile phones.
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Ladies and gentlemen, my first argument to support the topic that kids should not be allowed to have mobile phones
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Mobile phones are bad for kids' eyes.
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Now, Let me explain the reasons why this is true.
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First of all, mobile phones have a light called a blue light.
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That's what allows us to see the screen.
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If kids look at this light too much, it will hurt their eyes.
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Mobile phones have so many bright colors and images that are too bright for kids eyes.
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Secondly, most kids cannot stop looking at their mobile phones.
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Mobile phones have lots of games and videos that kids like to watch.
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These games and videos are fun and exciting and kids can't stop watching them.
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The bright colors and images are very attractive to kids.
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Third, Sometimes parents and teachers cannot control the mobile phone use.
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Parents and teachers cannot watch their kids at all times because they're busy.
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This means that kids can look at their mobile phones all day, which is bad for their eyes.
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Now!
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Let me introduce some evidence to support this claim.
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A new study says that smartphones may ruin your eyesight.
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Researchers at the University of Toledo in Ohio have found that exposure to blue light The glow emitted from most smartphones,
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tablets, and laptops promotes the growth of poisonous molecules in your eyes leading to macular degeneration. So!
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Ladies and gentlemen, We believe that kids should not have mobile phones because they are too harmful to kids' eyes.
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Now, let's look at an example of the four steps in action.
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My opponent's first argument was mobile phones are harmful to kids' eyes.
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They explained that the blue light on the phone, along with the inability of kids to control phone use, will damage their eyes and can even lead to blindness.
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However, I would like to challenge this argument.
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I think this argument is flawed for two reasons: 1.
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It is not true that kids cannot control their use of phones.
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We believe that parents can control phone use through screen control apps.
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We also think that kids can control their phone use and
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that they prefer to play with friends and do things other than look at their phones.
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So it is just not right that if kids have phones, they will look at them like zombies all day long.
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2. Even if kids do look at mobile phones a lot, we don't think it will be that bad for kids' eyes.
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The worst case scenario is that kids have to wear glasses.
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But we don't believe this is such a big deal.
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Also, reading a lot of books can hurt kids' eyes too, but we would never say that kids should not be allowed to read.
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Therefore, we think that the effects of mobile phones on kids' eyes are not a reason kids should not have mobile phones.
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There, we have seen an example of a rebuttal in action.
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Once you master the four steps, I will introduce you to more refutation techniques.
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For now, go ahead and respectfully refute each one of your opponent's arguments.
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Good luck!
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이 수업에 대하여
이번 수업에서는 논쟁의 반박에 대해 학습할 것입니다. 반박이란 상대방의 주장을 반증하거나 반대하는 증거나 주장을 제공하는 것을 의미합니다. 논쟁에서 반박은 매우 중요한 기술로, 타인의 주장을 공격하는 것이 아니라 그들의 주장을 분석하고 존중하는 방법을 배우는 기회입니다. 이 수업을 통해 여러분은 반박의 네 가지 간단한 단계를 익히고, 실제 예제를 통해 실습할 수 있습니다. 논쟁의 기술을 연습하며, 영어로 의견을 표현하는 데 도움을 받을 수 있습니다.
주요 어휘 및 구문
- 반박 (Rebuttal): 상대방의 주장에 반대하는 증거나 주장을 제시하는 것.
- 주장 (Argument): 자신의 의견이나 입장을 지지하는 논리.
- 이유 (Reason): 주장을 지지하기 위한 근거.
- 존중하다 (Respect): 상대방의 의견을 이해하고 받아들이는 태도.
- 분석하다 (Analyze): 주장을 검토하고 평가하는 과정.
- 결론 (Conclusion): 논의의 최종적인 요약.
- 친절하게 (Friendly): 공격적이지 않고 상대를 배려하는 태도.
연습 팁
이번 영상에서 다루는 반박 기술을 연습할 때는, 쉐도잉 (shadowing) 기법을 사용하는 것이 좋습니다. 영상의 속도와 톤에 맞춰 영어 쉐도잉 연습을 진행하세요. 예를 들어, 논쟁의 네 단계(주장 요약, 반대 표현, 반대 이유 제공, 결론 도출)를 반복해서 따라 해보세요.
구체적으로, 영상 속 음성을 따라 하면서 발음과 억양에 주의하세요. 유튜브 영어 공부를 통해 다양한 주제를 논의하는 방식으로 자신감을 키울 수 있습니다. 특히 IELTS 스피킹 시험 준비를 하는 학생들에게 유용한 방식이 될 것입니다. 각 단계별로 다른 의견을 상정하고 친구와 함께 역할극하며 연습해 보면, 더 효과적으로 반박을 학습할 수 있습니다.
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 조건문 if + 절, will/would + 동사 — 조건과 그 결과 | if kids have phones, they will look |
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | is flawed · should not be allowed |
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | has built · have heard · have found |
| “should” 조언 should + 동사 — 하는 것이 좋은 일을 말할 때 | should not be · should not have |
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.