쉐도잉 연습: It’s not you. Phones are designed to be addicting. - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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but I'm not alone.

Over 2.5 billion people have smartphones now, and a lot of them are having a hard time putting them down.

There's a new app that aims to curb phone addiction.

Addiction is money.

Are we a nation of smartphone addicts?The problem is, our devices are designed to keep us engaged.

They're intentionally addicting.

But if you understand the tricks that grab your attention, you can learn to have a healthier relationship with your phone.

I think we're living inside of two billion Truman Shows.

Where, you know, Truman Show, you wake up and everything is sort of coordinated just for you.

And you really don't even realize it, but it's coordinating just to entertain you, or just to engage you.

That's Tristan Harris, he worked as Google's design ethicist, and now he runs a nonprofit initiative called Time Well Spent, advocating for awareness of how tech companies profit off of users' attention.

It's not designed to help us, it's just designed to keep us hooked.

So I handed him my phone and asked him how he'd fix it.

It starts with turning off all notifications, except for when a real human is trying to reach you.

When you get a call, a text, or a message, it's usually because another person wants to communicate with you, but a lot of today's apps simulate the feeling of that kind of social interaction, to get you to spend more time on their platform.

If Facebook sends you a push notification that a friend is interested in an event near you, they're essentially acting like a puppet master, leveraging your desire for social connections so that you use the app more.

But notifications didn't always work like this.

When push notifications were first introduced for email on Blackberries in 2003, they were actually seen as a way for you to check your phone less.

You could easily see emails as they came in, so you didn't have to repeatedly open your phone to refresh an inbox.

But today you can get notifications from any app on your phone.

So, every time you check it, you get this grab bag of notifications that can make you feel a broad variety of emotions.

If it wasn't for random, if it was predictably bad or predictably good, then you would not get addicted.

The predictability would take out the addictiveness.

And, it's effective.

Slot machines make more money in the US than baseball, movies, and theme parks combined and they become addicting about 3-4 times faster than other kinds of gambling.

Some apps even replicate the process of pulling a slot machine lever with the "pull to refresh" feature.

That's a conscious design choice.

Those apps are usually capable of continuously updating content, but the pull action provides an addicting illusion of control over that process.

In the future, we might see healthier ways of delivering notifications.

Research shows that bundling notifications, where phones deliver a batch of updates at set times, reduces user stress.

Then, you have to grayscale your screen.

The easiest way to attract your eye's attention on a screen is through color.

Human eyes are sensitive to warm colors.

In eye-tracking tests like this one, they gravitate particularly to bright red.

That's why so many apps have redesigned their icons to be brighter, bolder, and warmer over the years.

It's also why notification bubbles are red.

A little icon like this, or this, doesn't have the same impact on your attention as this.

But you can neutralize that distracting effect by selecting a greyscale color filter in your phone's accessibility settings.

When you make everything black and white, your brain isn't tricked into thinking that this is any more important to you than this.

I mean, there's a reason why slot machines are bright and color and flashing lights and ding ding ding ding ding.

They have the sensory input too, right.

And so, just noticing that if I take out the color, it changes some of the addictiveness.

Finally, restrict your home screen to everyday tools.

Make sure that your home screen, when you unlock it, doesn't have anything except for the in-the-moment tools that help you live your life.

I have Lyft, to get somewhere when I need to get somewhere, Maps, Calendar.

None of these are apps that I can fall into and then get sucked down some bottomless vortex of stuff.

If you're not sure what counts as a bottomless vortex of stuff, it helps to filter out apps that use infinite scrolling.

Unlike pagination, where users have to click to load new content on another page, infinite scrolling continuously loads new material so there's no built-in endpoint.

Video autoplay works in a similar way.

These interfaces create a frictionless experience, but they also create a user's sense of control and make it harder to stop.

Research shows that people rely on visual cues more than internal cues to stop consuming something.

In a 2005 study, individuals who ate soup out of a self-refilling bowl, ate 73% more than those who ate out of a normal bowl filled up by servers.

But those who ate from the self-refilling bowl, didn't feel any more satisfied.

So, a visual cue, like an endpoint, is better at telling you the right time to stop than your own sense of satisfaction.

And because so many apps don't have an endpoint, you have to build your home screen around the eventuality of distraction.

We check our phones a lot.

Most of us drastically underestimate how often we do so.

But technology might not always look this way.

There are ideas for alternative interfaces that give you functional choices and are more transparent about how much time you'll lose with one action, versus another.

But it's a really deep philosophical question: what is genuinely worth your attention?

On an interruptive basis?

Do people even know how to answer that question?

It's a really hard question, it's not something we think about.

But, for now, it's a question that everybody needs to start asking.

Thank you so much for watching, this has been episode 1 of By Design, this is gonna be a new series looking at different topics in design, in technology, looking at how human decisions on one end of creating something affect people on the other end.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 B2 수준 말하기 레슨은 영상 “It’s not you. Phones are designed to be addicting”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: app, notification, ding, screen, color. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 65개와 단어 1060개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 5:41입니다. 화자는 분당 약 187단어로 빠르게 말하므로 연음과 약하게 발음되는 소리가 많습니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 79%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에서 가장 어려운 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
notification 명사	/ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/	통지
addict 명사	/ˈæd.ɪkt/	중독자
refill 명사	/ˈɹiː.fɪl/	리필
vortex 명사	/ˈvɔɹtɛks/	소용돌이
refresh 동사	/ɹɪˈfɹɛʃ/	새롭게 하다
coordinate 동사	/koʊˈɔɹ.dəˌneɪt/	조화시키다
scroll 명사	/skɹoʊl/	두루마리, 스크롤
continuously 부사	/kənˈtɪnjuəsli/	계속, 연달아
smartphone 명사	/ˈsmɑɹtfoʊn/	스마트폰
interface 명사	/ˈɪn(t)ɚˌfeɪs/	인터페이스
addiction 명사	/əˈdɪkˌʃən/	중독, 탐닉
infinite 형용사	/ˈɪnfɪnɪt/	무한
icon 명사	/ˈaɪ.kɑn/	이콘, 성상
neutralize 동사	/ˈnutɹəˌlaɪz/	중화하다
lever 명사	/ˈliː.və/	지레

영상에 나오는 구동사

단어	발음	뜻
turn off 동사		끄다, 턴오프하다
wake up 동사	/ˌweɪk ˈʌp/	눈뜨다, 일어나다

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	are designed · were actually seen · isn't tricked
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	have redesigned · has been
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보	those who ate

주의할 발음

화자는 didn't, doesn't, don't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 17번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“sh”와 “zh” 소리: notification /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, refresh /ɹɪˈfɹɛʃ/, addiction /əˈdɪkˌʃən/, pagination /ˌpæd͡ʒəˈneɪʃən/, distraction /dɪsˈtɹæk.ʃən/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: notification /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, predictably /pɹəˈdɪk.tə.bli/, coordinate /koʊˈɔɹ.dəˌneɪt/, continuously /kənˈtɪnjuəsli/, eventuality /ɪˌvɛntjuˈælɪti/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: notification /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, refill /ˈɹiː.fɪl/, refresh /ɹɪˈfɹɛʃ/, smartphone /ˈsmɑɹtfoʊn/, interface /ˈɪn(t)ɚˌfeɪs/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: vortex /ˈvɔɹtɛks/, eventuality /ɪˌvɛntjuˈælɪti/, gravitate /ˈɡɹævɪteɪt/, lever /ˈliː.və/, leverage /ˈlɛv.(ə.)ɹɪd͡ʒ/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: neutralize /ˈnutɹəˌlaɪz/, redesign /ˌɹiː.dɪˈzaɪn/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, notification, addict, refill 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

섀도잉 방법: 단계별 전체 가이드 읽기 →

쉐도잉 연습: It’s not you. Phones are designed to be addicting. - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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