第 33 课 · 第 3 阶段: 计划、请求与比较
用 “should” 提建议
初级Advice with “should”
构成与用法
should + 动词 — 表示应该做的事
1.形式
should + 动词原形（不加 to）。Should 是情态动词：所有主语都用同一个形式，永远不加 -s，疑问句和否定句也不用 do / does。
| 例句 | |
|---|---|
| 肯定式 | I / you / she / we / they should rest. |
| 否定式 | shouldn't (= should not) worry |
| 疑问式 | Should I call her? · What should I do? |
| 简略回答 | Yes, you should. / No, you shouldn't. |
should 的用法和 can、will 一样：直接放在动词前面。只要记住：后面不加 to（不说 should to go），也不用 do（不说 don't should，也不说 Do I should…?）。
2.什么时候用
1. 给建议——说某件事是个好主意
You've got a fever. You should see a doctor.
你发烧了。你应该去看医生。
It's cold outside. You should wear a jacket.
外面很冷。你应该穿件外套。
2. 说某件事不是好主意
You shouldn't drink coffee so late at night.
你不应该这么晚还喝咖啡。
Tourists shouldn't drink the tap water here.
游客不应该喝这里的自来水。
3. 征求建议——Should I…?、What / Which / Where should I…?
Should I bring a gift to the party?
我应该带礼物去参加派对吗？
Which bus should I take to get to the airport?
去机场我应该坐哪路公交车？
What do you think I should do?
你觉得我应该怎么做？（不说：What do you think should I do?）
4. 用 I think / I don't think 让建议更委婉
I think we should leave now.
我觉得我们现在该走了。
I don't think you should lend him any more money.
我觉得你不应该再借钱给他了。（比 I think you shouldn't… 更自然）
5. 说你预计会发生或应该属实的事
Minh left an hour ago, so he should be home by now.
阿明一个小时前就走了，所以他现在应该到家了。
The parcel should arrive on Friday.
包裹应该星期五到。
3.Ought to
ought to + 动词原形 的意思和 should 几乎一样，但没那么常用，听起来稍微正式一点。它主要用于肯定句；在疑问句和否定句中，人们几乎总是用 should / shouldn't。
You ought to back up your photos.
你应该备份一下你的照片。
We ought to leave now, or we'll miss the bus.
我们现在该走了，不然就赶不上公交车了。
4.Should、must 还是 have to？
这三个词的区别在于语气有多强：
| 词 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| should | 建议或看法——听话人可以选择不照做 | You should try the street food here. |
| must | 说话人认为必要或非常重要；也用于书面规定 | I must remember to call my mum. |
| have to | 因为规定或客观情况而必须 | We have to show our tickets at the gate. |
带警告意味的更强烈的建议，用 had better——见 “would rather” / “had better” 一课。表示必须，见“义务：must / have to / need to”一课。
中文的“应该”和“必须”分得很清楚，但要注意“要”既可以表示建议，也可以表示必须。如果只是建议，英语用 should（You should go to bed early）。Must / have to 可能听起来像命令——除非你是在热情推荐（You must try this cake!）。
5.Should 的其他形式
- should be + -ing——某人此刻应该正在做的事：Why are you watching TV? You should be studying!
- should be + 过去分词（被动语态）：Raw meat should be kept in the fridge.
- should have + 过去分词——本来是个好主意，但没有做：I failed the test. I should have studied harder. 见“情态动词 + have + V3”一课。
6.常见错误
You should to see a doctor.You should see a doctor.
should 后面不加 to。
You don't should drink coffee at night.You shouldn't drink coffee at night.
否定式是 shouldn't，不是 don't。
Do I should wear a suit?Should I wear a suit?
疑问句：把 should 放在主语前面。
My sister shoulds study abroad.My sister should study abroad.
should 永远不加 -s。
What do you think should I wear?What do you think I should wear?
do you think 后面用陈述语序。
We ought go home now.We ought to go home now.
ought 后面一定要有 to。
例句
- You look tired. You should go to bed early tonight.
- It's cold outside. You should wear a jacket.
- Your eyes are red. You shouldn't look at your phone so much.
- The tap water here isn't safe. Tourists shouldn't drink it.
