Shadowing Practice: Cambridge 15 listening (Test-1) (Part-3) - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Part 3.
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You will hear two psychology students discussing the effects of the order in which the children in a family are born.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 26.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 26.
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Ed, how are you getting on with the reading for our presentation next week?
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Well, OK, Ruth, but there's so much of it.
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I know.
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I hadn't realised birth order was such a popular area of research.
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But the stuff on birth order and personality is mostly unreliable.
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From what I've been reading, a lot of the claims about how your position in the family determines certain personality traits are just stereotypes,
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with no robust evidence to support them.
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OK, but that's an interesting point.
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Right.
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We could start by outlining what previous research has shown.
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There are studies going back over a hundred years.
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Yeah.
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So we could just run through some of the typical traits.
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Like the consensus seems to be that oldest children are generally less well-adjusted
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because they never get over the arrival of a younger sibling.
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Right.
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But on a positive note, some studies claim that they were thought to be good at nurturing.
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Certainly in the past, when people had large families, they would have been expected to look after the younger ones.
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There isn't such a clear picture for middle children, but one trait that a lot of the studies mention is
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that they are easier to get on with than older or younger siblings.
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Generally eager to please and helpful, although that's certainly not accurate as far as my family goes.
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My middle brother was a nightmare, always causing fights and envious of whatever I had.
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As I said, none of this seems to relate to my own experience.
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I'm the youngest in my family and I don't recognise myself in any of the studies I've read about.
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I'm supposed to have been a sociable and confident child who made friends easily, but I was actually terribly shy.
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Really?
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That's funny.
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There have been hundreds of studies on twins, but mostly about nurture versus nature.
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There was one on personality which said that a twin is likely to be quite shy in social situations,
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because they always have their twin around to depend on for support.
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My cousins were like that when they were small.
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They were only interested in each other and found it hard to engage with other kids.
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They're fine now, though.
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Only children have had a really bad press.
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A lot of studies have branded them as loners, who think the world revolves around them because they've never had to fight for their parents' attention.
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That does seem a bit harsh.
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One category I hadn't considered before was children with much older siblings.
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A couple of studies mention that these children grow up more quickly and are expected to do basic things for themselves, like getting dressed.
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I can see how that might be true, although I expect they're sometimes the exact opposite, playing the baby role and clamouring for special treatment.
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Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 27 to 30.
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Now listen and answer questions 27 to 30.
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What was the problem with most of these studies, do you think?
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I think it was because, in a lot of cases, data was collected from only one sibling per family,
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who rated him or herself and his or her siblings at the same time.
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Hmm.
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Some of the old research into the relationship between birth order and academic achievement has been proved to be accurate, though.
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Performances in intelligence tests declined slightly from the eldest child to his or her younger siblings.
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This has been proved in lots of recent studies.
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Yes, although what many of them didn't take into consideration was family size.
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The more siblings there are, the likelier the family is to have a low socioeconomic status,
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which can also account for differences between siblings in academic performance.
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The oldest boy might be given more opportunities than his younger sisters, for example.
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Exactly.
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But the main reason for the marginally higher academic performance of oldest children is quite surprising, I think.
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It's not only that they benefit intellectually from extra attention at a young age, which is what I would have expected,
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it's that they benefit from being teachers for their younger siblings by verbalising processes.
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Right.
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And this gives them status and confidence, which again contributes in a small way to better performance.
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So would you say sibling rivalry has been a useful thing for you?
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I think so.
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My younger brother was incredibly annoying and we fought a lot but I think this has made me a stronger person.
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I know how to defend myself.
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We had some terrible arguments and I would have died rather than apologise to him.
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But we had to put up with each other and most of the time we co-existed amicably enough.
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Yes, my situation was pretty similar.
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But I don't think having two older brothers made me any less selfish.
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I was never prepared to let my brothers use any of my stuff.
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That's perfectly normal, whereas sometimes...
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That is the end of part three.
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You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to part three.
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Thank you.

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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección

Este vídeo tiene 75 frases y 889 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 6:44. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 132 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. El 85 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.

Vocabulario clave de este vídeo

15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:

PalabraPronunciaciónSignificado
sibling sustantivo/ˈsɪb.lɪŋ/hermano, hermana
twin sustantivo/twɪn/gemelo, gemela
trait sustantivo/tɹeɪt/rasgo, característica
defend verbo/dɪˈfɪnd/defender, defensar
carefully adverbio/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/cuidadosamente
arrival sustantivo/əˈɹaɪ.vl̩/llegada, venida
helpful adjetivo/ˈhɛlp.fl̩/servicial, adyuvante
cousin sustantivo/ˈkʌz(ə)n/primo, prima
whereas/(h)wɛɹˈæz/mientras que (locution)
decline verbo/dɪˈklaɪn/periclitar, declinar
incredibly adverbio/ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/increíblemente
collect verbo/ˈkɑlɪkt/juntar, recoger
achievement sustantivo/əˈt͡ʃiːv.mənt/logro
engage verbo/ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/embebecer, embelesar
contribute verbo/kənˈtɹɪb.jut/contribuir, aportar

Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar

PalabraSignificado
get on with verbohacer, realizar
get over verbosuperar, sobreponerse a
grow up verbocrecer
put up with verboaguantar, soportar
run through verboresumir

Pronunciación a tener en cuenta

El hablante usa 13 contracciones y formas reducidas, como don't, hadn't, I'm. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.

  • Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/, consideration /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, harsh /ˈhɑɹʃ/, selfish /ˈsɛlf.ɪʃ/, sociable /ˈsoʊʃəbəl/
  • Palabras largas — cuida el acento: incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, consideration /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, apologize /əˈpɑləˌd͡ʒaɪz/, unreliable /ˌʌn.ɹəˈlaɪ.ə.bəl/

Cómo practicar con este vídeo

  1. Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
  2. Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
  3. Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como sibling, twin, trait.

Gramática en este vídeo

Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:

EstructuraEn el vídeo
Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahorahas shown · I've read · have been
Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo haceare born · were thought · have been expected

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.

Técnica de shadowing: lee la guía completa paso a paso →