शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Cambridge 15 listening (Test-1) (Part-3) - YouTube के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
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Part 3.
75 वाक्य
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Part 3.
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You will hear two psychology students discussing the effects of the order in which the children in a family are born.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 26.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 26.
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Ed, how are you getting on with the reading for our presentation next week?
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Well, OK, Ruth, but there's so much of it.
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I know.
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I hadn't realised birth order was such a popular area of research.
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But the stuff on birth order and personality is mostly unreliable.
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From what I've been reading, a lot of the claims about how your position in the family determines certain personality traits are just stereotypes,
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with no robust evidence to support them.
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OK, but that's an interesting point.
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Right.
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We could start by outlining what previous research has shown.
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There are studies going back over a hundred years.
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Yeah.
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So we could just run through some of the typical traits.
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Like the consensus seems to be that oldest children are generally less well-adjusted
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because they never get over the arrival of a younger sibling.
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Right.
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But on a positive note, some studies claim that they were thought to be good at nurturing.
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Certainly in the past, when people had large families, they would have been expected to look after the younger ones.
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There isn't such a clear picture for middle children, but one trait that a lot of the studies mention is
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that they are easier to get on with than older or younger siblings.
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Generally eager to please and helpful, although that's certainly not accurate as far as my family goes.
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My middle brother was a nightmare, always causing fights and envious of whatever I had.
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As I said, none of this seems to relate to my own experience.
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I'm the youngest in my family and I don't recognise myself in any of the studies I've read about.
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I'm supposed to have been a sociable and confident child who made friends easily, but I was actually terribly shy.
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Really?
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That's funny.
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There have been hundreds of studies on twins, but mostly about nurture versus nature.
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There was one on personality which said that a twin is likely to be quite shy in social situations,
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because they always have their twin around to depend on for support.
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My cousins were like that when they were small.
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They were only interested in each other and found it hard to engage with other kids.
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They're fine now, though.
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Only children have had a really bad press.
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A lot of studies have branded them as loners, who think the world revolves around them because they've never had to fight for their parents' attention.
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That does seem a bit harsh.
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One category I hadn't considered before was children with much older siblings.
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A couple of studies mention that these children grow up more quickly and are expected to do basic things for themselves, like getting dressed.
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I can see how that might be true, although I expect they're sometimes the exact opposite, playing the baby role and clamouring for special treatment.
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Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 27 to 30.
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Now listen and answer questions 27 to 30.
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What was the problem with most of these studies, do you think?
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I think it was because, in a lot of cases, data was collected from only one sibling per family,
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who rated him or herself and his or her siblings at the same time.
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Hmm.
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Some of the old research into the relationship between birth order and academic achievement has been proved to be accurate, though.
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Performances in intelligence tests declined slightly from the eldest child to his or her younger siblings.
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This has been proved in lots of recent studies.
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Yes, although what many of them didn't take into consideration was family size.
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The more siblings there are, the likelier the family is to have a low socioeconomic status,
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which can also account for differences between siblings in academic performance.
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The oldest boy might be given more opportunities than his younger sisters, for example.
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Exactly.
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But the main reason for the marginally higher academic performance of oldest children is quite surprising, I think.
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It's not only that they benefit intellectually from extra attention at a young age, which is what I would have expected,
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it's that they benefit from being teachers for their younger siblings by verbalising processes.
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Right.
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And this gives them status and confidence, which again contributes in a small way to better performance.
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So would you say sibling rivalry has been a useful thing for you?
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I think so.
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My younger brother was incredibly annoying and we fought a lot but I think this has made me a stronger person.
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I know how to defend myself.
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We had some terrible arguments and I would have died rather than apologise to him.
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But we had to put up with each other and most of the time we co-existed amicably enough.
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Yes, my situation was pretty similar.
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But I don't think having two older brothers made me any less selfish.
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I was never prepared to let my brothers use any of my stuff.
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That's perfectly normal, whereas sometimes...
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That is the end of part three.
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You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to part three.
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Thank you.
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पहली छापें
इस वीडियो में दो मनोविज्ञान के छात्रों के बीच बातचीत सुनने को मिलती है, जो परिवार में जन्म क्रम के प्रभावों पर चर्चा कर रहे हैं। यह संवाद अंग्रेजी सीखने वालों के लिए एक उत्कृष्ट सामग्री है क्योंकि इसमें वास्तविक जीवन की बातचीत का उदाहरण है। छात्रों की बातचीत में विचारों का आदान-प्रदान, तर्क और व्यक्तिगत अनुभव शामिल हैं, जो शैडोइंग अभ्यास के लिए आदर्श हैं। यह न केवल उच्चारण बल्कि संचार कौशल को भी विकसित करता है।
इसका विश्लेषण करें
आइए हम कुछ वाक्यों को अलग-अलग करें और देखें कि वे स्वाभाविक रूप से क्यों सुनाई देते हैं:
- “बर्थ ऑर्डर और पर्सनैलिटी के बारे में दावा अधिकतर रूढ़िवादिता हैं।” यह वाक्य स्पष्टता के साथ विचार का संचार करता है और इसमें 'रूढ़िवादिता' जैसे शब्द का उपयोग इसे और अधिक प्रभावशाली बनाता है।
- “मध्य बच्चों में एक खासियत होती है कि वे बड़े या छोटे भाई-बहनों की तुलना में अधिक मिलनसार होते हैं।” यह वाक्य सरल लेकिन गहन जानकारी प्रदान करता है, जिससे विचारों को समझना आसान होता है।
- “एकल बच्चे अक्सर अकेलेपन से जूझते हैं।” यह वाक्य सीधे और स्पष्टता से समस्या को रेखांकित करता है, जो साधारण भाषा में भी गहराई से सोचने को प्रेरित करता है।
अभ्यास रूटीन
इस वीडियो के लिए एक सरल पुनरावृत्ति और रिकॉर्डिंग अभ्यास कीजिए:
- वीडियो को सुनें और पहले कुछ वाक्यों को ध्यान से सुनें।
- फिर, उन वाक्यों को दोहराएँ। आप अपने आप को रिकॉर्ड करें ताकि आप अपने उच्चारण और लहजे की तुलना कर सकें।
- प्रत्येक वाक्य को समझने के लिए उसके अर्थ पर ध्यान दें और कोशिश करें कि आप भी उसी प्रकार से सोचें।
- दुबारा सुनें और अपनी रिकॉर्डिंग के साथ तुलना करें। अपने सुधारों पर ध्यान दें।
इस प्रकार की अंग्रेजी शैडोइंग अभ्यास से न केवल आपके बोलने की क्षमता में सुधार होगा, बल्कि यह आपको अंग्रेजी संवाद अधिक प्रभावी ढंग से समझने और उपयोग करने में भी मदद करेगा। शैडो स्पीच और shadowspeaks तकनीकों का उपयोग कर अपने कौशल को और भी निखारें।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।