Pratique du Shadowing: Cambridge 15 listening (Test-1) (Part-3) - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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75 phrases
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Part 3.
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You will hear two psychology students discussing the effects of the order in which the children in a family are born.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 26.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 26.
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Ed, how are you getting on with the reading for our presentation next week?
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Well, OK, Ruth, but there's so much of it.
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I know.
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I hadn't realised birth order was such a popular area of research.
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But the stuff on birth order and personality is mostly unreliable.
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From what I've been reading, a lot of the claims about how your position in the family determines certain personality traits are just stereotypes,
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with no robust evidence to support them.
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OK, but that's an interesting point.
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Right.
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We could start by outlining what previous research has shown.
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There are studies going back over a hundred years.
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Yeah.
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So we could just run through some of the typical traits.
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Like the consensus seems to be that oldest children are generally less well-adjusted
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because they never get over the arrival of a younger sibling.
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Right.
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But on a positive note, some studies claim that they were thought to be good at nurturing.
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Certainly in the past, when people had large families, they would have been expected to look after the younger ones.
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There isn't such a clear picture for middle children, but one trait that a lot of the studies mention is
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that they are easier to get on with than older or younger siblings.
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Generally eager to please and helpful, although that's certainly not accurate as far as my family goes.
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My middle brother was a nightmare, always causing fights and envious of whatever I had.
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As I said, none of this seems to relate to my own experience.
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I'm the youngest in my family and I don't recognise myself in any of the studies I've read about.
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I'm supposed to have been a sociable and confident child who made friends easily, but I was actually terribly shy.
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Really?
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That's funny.
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There have been hundreds of studies on twins, but mostly about nurture versus nature.
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There was one on personality which said that a twin is likely to be quite shy in social situations,
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because they always have their twin around to depend on for support.
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My cousins were like that when they were small.
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They were only interested in each other and found it hard to engage with other kids.
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They're fine now, though.
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Only children have had a really bad press.
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A lot of studies have branded them as loners, who think the world revolves around them because they've never had to fight for their parents' attention.
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That does seem a bit harsh.
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One category I hadn't considered before was children with much older siblings.
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A couple of studies mention that these children grow up more quickly and are expected to do basic things for themselves, like getting dressed.
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I can see how that might be true, although I expect they're sometimes the exact opposite, playing the baby role and clamouring for special treatment.
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Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 27 to 30.
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Now listen and answer questions 27 to 30.
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What was the problem with most of these studies, do you think?
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I think it was because, in a lot of cases, data was collected from only one sibling per family,
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who rated him or herself and his or her siblings at the same time.
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Hmm.
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Some of the old research into the relationship between birth order and academic achievement has been proved to be accurate, though.
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Performances in intelligence tests declined slightly from the eldest child to his or her younger siblings.
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This has been proved in lots of recent studies.
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Yes, although what many of them didn't take into consideration was family size.
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The more siblings there are, the likelier the family is to have a low socioeconomic status,
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which can also account for differences between siblings in academic performance.
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The oldest boy might be given more opportunities than his younger sisters, for example.
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Exactly.
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But the main reason for the marginally higher academic performance of oldest children is quite surprising, I think.
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It's not only that they benefit intellectually from extra attention at a young age, which is what I would have expected,
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it's that they benefit from being teachers for their younger siblings by verbalising processes.
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Right.
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And this gives them status and confidence, which again contributes in a small way to better performance.
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So would you say sibling rivalry has been a useful thing for you?
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I think so.
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My younger brother was incredibly annoying and we fought a lot but I think this has made me a stronger person.
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I know how to defend myself.
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We had some terrible arguments and I would have died rather than apologise to him.
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But we had to put up with each other and most of the time we co-existed amicably enough.
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Yes, my situation was pretty similar.
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But I don't think having two older brothers made me any less selfish.
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I was never prepared to let my brothers use any of my stuff.
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That's perfectly normal, whereas sometimes...
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That is the end of part three.
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You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to part three.
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Thank you.

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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette vidéo contient 75 phrases et 889 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 6:44. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 132 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. 85 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

MotPrononciationSens
sibling nom/ˈsɪb.lɪŋ/frère et sœur, adelphe
twin nom/twɪn/jumeau, jumelle
trait nom/tɹeɪt/trait
defend verbe/dɪˈfɪnd/défendre
carefully adverbe/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/soigneusement
arrival nom/əˈɹaɪ.vl̩/arrivée
helpful adjectif/ˈhɛlp.fl̩/utile, serviable
cousin nom/ˈkʌz(ə)n/cousin, cousine
whereas/(h)wɛɹˈæz/tandis que, alors que
decline verbe/dɪˈklaɪn/décliner, péricliter
incredibly adverbe/ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/incroyablement
collect verbe/ˈkɑlɪkt/rassembler, recueillir
achievement nom/əˈt͡ʃiːv.mənt/réalisation, accomplissement
engage verbe/ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/attirer l'attention
contribute verbe/kənˈtɹɪb.jut/contribuer

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

MotSens
get on with verberetourner à
get over verbesurmonter
grow up verbegrandir

Prononciation à surveiller

Le locuteur utilise 13 contractions et formes réduites, comme don't, hadn't, I'm. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.

  • Les sons « sh » et « zh »: presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/, consideration /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, harsh /ˈhɑɹʃ/, selfish /ˈsɛlf.ɪʃ/, sociable /ˈsoʊʃəbəl/
  • Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, consideration /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, apologize /əˈpɑləˌd͡ʒaɪz/, unreliable /ˌʌn.ɹəˈlaɪ.ə.bəl/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

  1. Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
  2. Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
  3. Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme sibling, twin, trait.

La grammaire de cette vidéo

Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :

StructureDans la vidéo
Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenanthas shown · I've read · have been
Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le faitare born · were thought · have been expected

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

Technique du shadowing : lire le guide complet étape par étape →