Shadowing Practice: Gee: What is Discourse - Learn English Speaking with Video

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I know you're gonna dig this.
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Check this out.
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You're probably asking yourself, what am I doing at a baseball game,
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and what does baseball have to do with discourse?
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Well, according to G, a discourse is a kind of identity kit.
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It's a costume or set of instructions that makes us recognizable to people.
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It gives what we do meaning in specific social contexts.
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So for instance, at a baseball game,
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there are certain ways of dressing.
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There are also certain ways of speaking like,
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Hey ump, get some glasses man, you stink!
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Or, hey beer man, one beer over here.
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Hot dog, right here.
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All of these things have meaning within the specific context of the baseball game.
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They make sense to us in this space.
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But what happens if I go to a fancy restaurant?
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Hey, waiter!
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Beer over here, please!
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Where the hell do you think you are?
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Or, what if I go to a school?
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Hey teach!
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Get some glasses man, cause your grading stinks!
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What?
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So you better check yourself!
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This example provides a general idea about what G means when he talks about discourse.
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And in particular, the relationship between discourse and literacy.
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At the baseball game, I was able to demonstrate
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that I was literate in the discourse of being a fan at a game.
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But I was illiterate in the discourse of being a customer at a restaurant or a student in the classroom.
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But what else does G mean when he uses the term discourse?
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And what does he mean when he distinguishes between primary discourse and secondary discourse?
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Here I am in my home.
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And it's in my home that I begin to acquire my primary discourse.
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And I do this through interactions with family members, friends, community members.
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It's in this space of the home or the immediate community that I begin to acquire my primary discourse.
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But then I leave this immediate area and I enter into other social spaces, like a school.
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And inside of school I begin to acquire and learn secondary discourses.
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And one of these secondary discourses that I learn in school is what we call academic discourse.
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And this is the ways of reading and writing,
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communicating with peers and teachers,
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kinds of language that that we understand as typical for school.
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In this scenario, the academic discourse or the school discourse represents a dominant discourse.
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And G defines a dominant discourse as a discourse that we become literate in to advance in society in certain ways.
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And they can vary from context to context,
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but we know that given education and the value of a diploma,
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the fact that a college graduate today will make a million more dollars
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over his or her lifetime than a non-graduate
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demonstrates that becoming literate in academic discourse is also becoming literate in the dominant discourse.
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In our lifetime, we'll become literate in many,
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many kinds of secondary discourses.
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And even in a single social context,
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even in a classroom, we can see many kinds of primary and secondary discourses converging together.
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And in the process of becoming literate in many kinds of secondary discourses,
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we can also begin to develop what G refers to as meta-knowledge of a discourse.
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And that is when we are able to step outside of a discourse
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and then look back in at it and understand its internal workings.
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Understand the way that the discourse shapes meaning,
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shapes the kinds of language that we use,
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the interactions that we have with others.
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And in the process of developing this meta-knowledge,
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we can begin to transform discourses.
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And in the process of transforming or hybridizing these discourses,
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we can open up new avenues for meaning making and understanding.
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And this is something that we can really think about when working with our students,
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is this idea of creating critical understandings about the discourses that shape our lives.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección

Este vídeo tiene 65 frases y 660 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 4:35. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 144 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. Solo el 80 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.

Vocabulario clave de este vídeo

15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:

PalabraPronunciaciónSignificado
discourse sustantivo/ˈdɪs.kɔːɹs/discurso
dominant adjetivo/ˈdɑmənənt/dominante, imperante
acquire verbo/əˈkwaɪɚ/obtener
lifetime sustantivo/ˈlaɪf.taɪm/vida
interaction sustantivo/ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/interacción, interrelación
demonstrate verbo/ˈdɛm.ənˌstɹeɪt/demostrar, demonstrar
classroom sustantivo/ˈklɑːsɹʊm/aula, sala de clases
transform verbo/tɹænsˈfɔɹm/trasformar, transformar
meta adjetivo/ˈmɛtə/metaconceptual
refer verbo/ɹɪˈfɜː/referir, remitir
avenue sustantivo/ˈæv.əˌn(j)u/avenida
fancy sustantivo/ˈfæn.si/fantasía, magín
define verbo/dɪˈfaɪn/determinar, definir
vary verbo/ˈvɛəɹi/variar
scenario sustantivo/sɪˈnɛəɹioʊ/escenario, supuesto

Pronunciación a tener en cuenta

El hablante usa 4 contracciones y formas reducidas, como you're, gonna, we'll. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.

  • Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, instruction /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/
  • Palabras largas — cuida el acento: interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/, literacy /ˈlɪtəɹəsi/, illiterate /ɪˈlɪtəɹət/

Cómo practicar con este vídeo

  1. Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
  2. Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
  3. Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como discourse, dominant, acquire.

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.

Técnica de shadowing: lee la guía completa paso a paso →