跟讀練習: Gee: What is Discourse - 通過影片學習英語口語

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I know you're gonna dig this.

Check this out.

You're probably asking yourself, what am I doing at a baseball game,

and what does baseball have to do with discourse?

Well, according to G, a discourse is a kind of identity kit.

It's a costume or set of instructions that makes us recognizable to people.

It gives what we do meaning in specific social contexts.

So for instance, at a baseball game,

there are certain ways of dressing.

There are also certain ways of speaking like,

Hey ump, get some glasses man, you stink!

Or, hey beer man, one beer over here.

Hot dog, right here.

All of these things have meaning within the specific context of the baseball game.

They make sense to us in this space.

But what happens if I go to a fancy restaurant?

Hey, waiter!

Beer over here, please!

Where the hell do you think you are?

Or, what if I go to a school?

Hey teach!

Get some glasses man, cause your grading stinks!

What?

So you better check yourself!

This example provides a general idea about what G means when he talks about discourse.

And in particular, the relationship between discourse and literacy.

At the baseball game, I was able to demonstrate

that I was literate in the discourse of being a fan at a game.

But I was illiterate in the discourse of being a customer at a restaurant or a student in the classroom.

But what else does G mean when he uses the term discourse?

And what does he mean when he distinguishes between primary discourse and secondary discourse?

Here I am in my home.

And it's in my home that I begin to acquire my primary discourse.

And I do this through interactions with family members, friends, community members.

It's in this space of the home or the immediate community that I begin to acquire my primary discourse.

But then I leave this immediate area and I enter into other social spaces, like a school.

And inside of school I begin to acquire and learn secondary discourses.

And one of these secondary discourses that I learn in school is what we call academic discourse.

And this is the ways of reading and writing,

communicating with peers and teachers,

kinds of language that that we understand as typical for school.

In this scenario, the academic discourse or the school discourse represents a dominant discourse.

And G defines a dominant discourse as a discourse that we become literate in to advance in society in certain ways.

And they can vary from context to context,

but we know that given education and the value of a diploma,

the fact that a college graduate today will make a million more dollars

over his or her lifetime than a non-graduate

demonstrates that becoming literate in academic discourse is also becoming literate in the dominant discourse.

In our lifetime, we'll become literate in many,

many kinds of secondary discourses.

And even in a single social context,

even in a classroom, we can see many kinds of primary and secondary discourses converging together.

And in the process of becoming literate in many kinds of secondary discourses,

we can also begin to develop what G refers to as meta-knowledge of a discourse.

And that is when we are able to step outside of a discourse

and then look back in at it and understand its internal workings.

Understand the way that the discourse shapes meaning,

shapes the kinds of language that we use,

the interactions that we have with others.

And in the process of developing this meta-knowledge,

we can begin to transform discourses.

And in the process of transforming or hybridizing these discourses,

we can open up new avenues for meaning making and understanding.

And this is something that we can really think about when working with our students,

is this idea of creating critical understandings about the discourses that shape our lives.

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影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Gee: What is Discourse - 通過影片學習英語口語

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